Amakuru menshi agaragaza ko ari igihombo gikomeye, haba kuri Congo, haba no ku Burundi, kuko batakaje inzira icamo ibicuruzwa ndetse n’intwaro, mu rujya n’uruza hagati y’u Burundi, ndetse na Congo, kuva umutwe wa AFC/M23 wafata Uvira ku wa 9 Ukuboza.

Ibyo rero byaba binasobanuye ko bitoroheye aba banywanyi gutabarana, dore ko u Burundi nta mupaka wundi buhuriyeho na Congo

Andi makuru na yo avuga ko biteye impungenge ku Burundi by’umwihariko, nk’igihugu cyarwanyije M23 ikakibera ibamba, ikagenda isunika ingabo zabwo kuva Goma kugera ku nkomanizo z’umuryango, aho iba yitegeye neza umujyi wa Bujumbura.

Ababibona gutyo nta wavuga ko bibeshya, kuko buri mupaka ufunzwe hagati y’ibihugu by’ibituranyi, kandi bishyize hamwe, ni igihombo gikomeye.

Nyamara ariko, hirya y’ibigaragara, hari amateka yerekana ko kuri Uvira, abafite ingengabitekerezo y’urwango, cyane cyane urwo kwikiza abo badahuje ubwoko, batakaje umurwa mukuru wabo, icyicaro cy’akarere.

Umushakashatsi w’umunyakongo w’impuguke mu by’amateka n’ubumenyi kuri aka karere Dr. Alex Mvuka, iki kibazo yakivuye imuzi.

Ivuka rya Mai Mai, umukurambere wa Hutu Power

Avuga ko Uvira imaze imyaka irenga 60 ari agace karangwamo umutekano mucye n’ubugizi bwa nabi bukabije. Ni umurwa mukuru w’akarere kandi ni ho havukiye ihuriro rya Mai-Mai. Mu mwaka wa 1964, Uvira yafashwe n’inyeshyamba za Simba. Izo nyeshyamba zahinduye ubugome bwari bushingiye ku bumwe bw’igihugu bwa Pierre Mulele zibugira intambara ishingiye ku moko. Umwami w’intambara ukomoka i Luvungi mu kibaya cya Ruzizi, witwaga Maidu (izina rye nyakuri ni Louis Bidarira), yarwanyije abakuru b’ubutegetsi gakondo bw’Abafuliru n’Abarundi. Bidarira n’abarwanyi be bafashe umujyi wa Uvira bawugenzura umwaka umwe. Impamvu ze zo gufata intwaro ni zo zabyaye ihuriro rya Mai-Mai n’inyigisho y’uko hari “abanyamahanga”.

Imyemerere yari ishingiye kuri iri huriro yavugaga ko buri murwanyi yagombaga kunyura mu mihango y’“amazi matagatifu” yavugwaga ko amurinda intwaro zigezweho. Iyi myemerere yabyaye imigani ikomeye ivuga ko abarwanyi ba Mai-Mai batagerwaho n’amasasu y’intwaro zigezweho. Bafatanyije n’abandi barwanyi barimo Musa Marandura na Alexis Mushubazi, bahinduye ingengabitekerezo yabo bayigira igamije guhiga Abanyamulenge. Barasenye hafi amazu yose y’Abanyamulenge. Indirimbo bakundaga kuririmba cyane yari Mai Mulele Mai Mulele. Ubu bugizi bwa nabi bwabaye imwe mu mpamvu zatumye inyeshyamba za UNAR ziyobowe na Joseph Mudandi na François Rukeba zivana mu bufatanye zari zifitanye n’inyeshyamba za Simba.
Ihuriro ry’Abanyamulenge n’ingabo za Leta mu kurwanya Mai-Mai
Ingabo za Perezida Mobutu Seseko wayoboraga Zaire muri kiriya gihe, zaje kongera gufata umujyi wa Uvira, hanyuma umwe mu Banyamulenge witwaga Mushishi Karori yatangije igitekerezo cyo kwirwanaho no kwiyubakira umutekano. Abanyamulenge babiri, Stephen Muhindanyi na Gakingiye Norbert Aaron, begereye umuyobozi w’ingabo za Leta ya Congo, Colonel Kaniki, maze abaha intwaro esheshatu.

Abo bagabo bombi bahise bakusanya abandi bakorerabushake icumi barimo: Cyaziga, Kanyamagaja, Cyunguti Jerome, Minyati Fastin, Rurinda Gacerehwa, Gahungu Elias, Haizuru, Thoma Muyoboke, Karojo, Muganwa Cyondaburwa, Ndagiro Ndaganzwa, Sekabwe, Mambo Amosi na Zarizo. Intambara yo kurwanya Simba yahise itangira. Nyuma baje kongera kubona izindi ntwaro bahawe na Mobutu. Abanyamulenge bashoboye kugarura amahoro mu karere kose. Kuva icyo gihe, amoko aturanye na bo ntiyigeze ababababarira.

Nyuma y’ibi ariko, hake kwaduka abantu benshi b’abahezanguni mu bibazo by’irangamuntu n’imiyoborere y’uturere, barimo Kadari Mwene Kadari, Pardonne Kaliba, Muzima wa Muzima, Mwene Malungu, Anzuluni Bembe, Kanyegere Lwaboshi, Justin Bitakwirwa Bibonahai na Claude Misare. Bose barwanyije imiryango gakondo y’Abanyamulenge, bavuga ko Abanyamulenge ari “abantu badafite ubutaka, badafite inzego gakondo kandi badafite irangamuntu.

Ikibazo cy’irangamuntu n’ingaruka za Mai-Mai

Igihe ikibazo cy’irangamuntu cyatangiraga, Uvira yakoresheje umuco w’urwango watewe n’aya mateka ya Mai-Mai. Muri Mata 1995, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Congo yafashe icyemezo cyabuzaga Abanyamulenge/Abatutsi b’Abanye-Congo kubona ubwenegihugu bwa Zaïre.

Icyo cyemezo cyanashishikarije gufunga no kwirukana bamwe mu bayobozi b’Abanyamulenge/Abatutsi, babaziza ubu bwoko gusa. Inteko yafashe kandi icyemezo cyo kwambura ku ngufu imitungo y’Abatutsi/Abanyamulenge.

Guverinoma yavuze ko abo baturage badafite uburenganzira bwo kubaho, gukora, kugira ubwenegihugu cyangwa gutunga imitungo muri RDC. Impamvu yatanzwe n’Inteko yari ivuga ko imitungo y’Abanyamulenge/Abatutsi yari yarabonetse mu buryo bw’uburiganya. Uwaharaniye icyo cyemezo yari Anzuluni Bembe Isilonyonyi, ukomoka muri Sud-Kivu. Ni bwo urugamba rwa Mai-Mai rwongeye kubura.

Nyuma gato y’iryo tangazo, ubuyobozi bwa Uvira bwafashe icyemezo cyo kwigarurira imitungo y’Abanyamulenge. Hatangiye gusahurwa no gufungwa abantu ku buryo butemewe. Ku wa 19 Ukwakira 1995, abanyacyubahiro b’Abanyamulenge bashyize umukono kuri mémorandum yo kwamagana ibyo bitero byihariye. Mu gusubiza, ubuyobozi bw’umujyi bwafashe icyemezo cyo gufata abo bayisinye. Umuyobozi w’umujyi yatangaje ko ubwoko bw’Abanyamulenge butazwi muri Zaïre kandi ko bose ari “abanyamahanga”.

Mu gusubiza icyemezo cy’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko no mu kwerekana kwanga Abanyamulenge, abaturage ba Uvira baciye imitwe abasore babiri b’Abanyamulenge bavukana: Paul Muhindanyi Semahungiro na Bizimana Semahungiro.
Nyamara Paul yari yarashatse umukobwa w’Abafuliru, kandi sebukwe yari afitanye umubano mwiza n’Abanyamulenge. Imitwe yabo yamanitswe ku mbaho z’imigano miremire mu ruhame rw’abantu ibihumbi. Abaturage berekanye imitwe ya Paul n’umuvandimwe we Bizimana nk’aho ari ibihembo by’amarushanwa mpuzamahanga. Ubu bugome bwari bushingiye ku myumvire ya Mai-Maisme.

Ibi bitero byagize ingaruka zikomeye mu misozi miremire n’iringaniye ya Uvira, ari ho hantu gakondo h’Abanyamulenge. Abahezanguni b’Ababembe bashinze imitwe yitwaje intwaro ya Mai-Mai, bongera urugomo bakorera Abanyamulenge. Bashyigikiwe n’ingabo za Zaïre, basahuye imirima n’amatungo. Iterabwoba n’urugomo byakwiriye hose. Habayeho guhiga abantu ku mugaragaro byakozwe n’ishami rya gisirikare ryitwaga Service d’Action et de Renseignement Militaires (SARM). Mu gice kinini, ibi ni byo byateye intangiriro y’intambara ya AFDL.

Aya mateka ni yo soko ya Mai-Mai yo muri iki gihe, ishyigikiwe n’ingabo za Leta ya Congo (FARDC) n’ingabo z’u Burundi. Muri Sud-Kivu honyine, imitwe ya Mai-Mai irenga 57. Uvira yabaye indiri y’ibitero byibasira Imisozi miremire no gusenya ku buryo bukomeye, bituma hejuru ya 90% by’imidugudu y’Abanyamulenge ihinduka amatongo. Iyi mitwe yakoze ubusahuzi bukabije bw’inka z’Abanyamulenge, zirenga ibihumbi 500, zagurishijwe mu masoko y’Uvira. Uvira ni yo mutima w’ikibazo cy’irangamuntu.
AFC/M23 mu minsi micye imaze igeze I Buvira, irakangurira abahunze bose gutaha, bakabana neza mu mahoro, bose nk’Abanyekongo, nta vangura. Umurwa mukuru w’urwango n’ubugiranabi bwibasira Abanyamulenge n’Abanyekongo bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bavuga Ikinyarwanda urasenyutse.