Ni amagambo yagaragaje uruhererekane rw’ingengabitekerezo nawe abarizwamo rutigeze rucika kuva mu myaka ya 1950: umurongo wa Hutu Power mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, wubatswe n’ubukoloni bw’Ababiligi kandi wongera gukazwa mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Kugira ngo umuntu yumve neza ayo magambo ya Ambasaderi, ni ngombwa kubanza kwikuramo imyumvire ivuga ko amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari ari urwango rwa kera hagati y’amoko. Ahubwo ni umugambi wubatswe n’ubukoloni.

Umwe mu bawushinze cyane ni Albert Maus, wari umwe mu bakozi b’ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni b’Ababiligi, wasobanukiwe ko inyungu nyamukuru z’u Bubiligi zari ugukomeza ijambo ryabwo binyuze mu guhungabanya ibikorwa byo guharanira ubwigenge.

Mu myaka ya 1950, ubwo ubwami bw’u Rwanda n’u Burundi bwaharaniraga ubwigenge, Maus yagize uruhare mu kubaka impinduramatwara ya politiki: APROSOMA mu Rwanda n’ishami ryayo ry’i Burundi ryitwaga PP (Parti du Peuple). Intego ze zari ebyiri: gusenya ubwami bwo mu Rwanda n’u Burundi no gusimbuza ubutegetsi bworoshye kugengwa n’inyungu z’u Bubiligi.

Kugira ngo abigereho, Maus yakoresheje intwaro yari isanzwe izwi n’u Burayi: gukoresha amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko. Yifashishije indangamuntu z’amoko zatangijwe n’Ababiligi mu ivugurura ry’ubutegetsi bwo mu myaka ya 1920, zari zarahinduye “Hutu” na “Tutsi” ibyiciro bihamye by’amoko mu mategeko.

Inkuru yatangwaga yari yoroshye ariko yuzuye uburozi kandi ikora neza: Abatutsi “b’abimukira” bavuga ko bakomoka ku Bahamiti bashinjwaga kuba abanyabyaha n’abakandamizaga Abahutu “b’abasangwabutaka” mu binyejana byinshi; bityo Abahutu bagombaga kwigomeka, bagasenya ubwami bw’Abatutsi, maze bagashyiraho ubutegetsi bw’Abahutu. Iyi gahunda ya politiki yaje kwitwa Hutu Power.

Umugambi wa Maus wageze ku ntsinzi mbi mu Rwanda, ugeza ku bwicanyi bwo mu 1959, bwabaye ubwicanyi bwa mbere bwagutse bwibasira Abatutsi, ariko ibitangazamakuru byinshi byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi bikabufata nk’“imvururu z’amoko” gusa.

Mu Burundi, kurwanya uwo mugambi byari bikomeye kurushaho. Igikomangoma Louis Rwagasore, afatanyije n’inshuti ye Pierre Ngendandumwe, barwanyije amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko yazanywe n’abakoloni. Bombi barishwe, kandi byakozwe habayeho ubufatanye bw’ibihugu by’amahanga. Amaherezo n’u Burundi bwaje kugwa muri uwo mutego. Imbuto y’ingengabitekerezo yari yamaze guterwa.

Mu myaka ya 1990, ubwo Perezida wa mbere w’Umuhutu watowe mu buryo bwa demokarasi mu Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, yicwaga mu Ukwakira 1993, intagondwa z’Abahutu zatangiye ubwicanyi ndengakamere Umuryango w’Abibumbye waje kwita ibikorwa bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ibihumbi by’abantu byarishwe. Batinya kwihorera kw’ingabo zari ziyobowe cyane n’Abatutsi, benshi mu bakoze ubwo bwicanyi bahungiye mu Rwanda, Tanzania na Zaïre.

Abahungiye mu Rwanda bahasanze abafatanyabikorwa mu ngengabitekerezo. Bamwe muri bo nyuma bagize uruhare rugaragara muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, bazwiho ubugome bukabije.

Nyuma y’uko Umuryango wa FPR Inkotanyi utsinze ubutegetsi bwakoze Jenoside, abo Barundi bakoze Jenoside, hamwe n’Interahamwe n’abasirikare ba ex-FAR, bahungiye muri Zaïre. Aho ni ho bahurije hamwe imyitozo ya gisirikare, bubaka imikoranire, kandi biyemeza kuzafata ubutegetsi mu Rwanda no mu Burundi bakoresheje intambara.

Uyu munsi, bamwe muri abo bantu ndetse n’abaragwa b’ingengabitekerezo yabo baracyari mu buyobozi bw’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi mu Burundi rya CNDD-FDD. Nk’uko amagambo ya Ambasaderi Ntahiraja abigaragaza, intego yabo ni ugufasha abafatanyabikorwa babo ba FDLR kongera gufata ubutegetsi i Kigali. Bityo amagambo ya ambasaderi w’u Burundi ntagomba gufatwa nk’ikintu cyabaye ku bw’impanuka; ahubwo ni ijwi risubiramo ubu bufatanye bumaze igihe kirekire.

Muri make, imikoranire hagati ya bamwe mu bagize CNDD-FDD na FDLR yatangiye mu nkambi z’impunzi zo mu myaka ya 1990. Imikoranire y’ingengabitekerezo yo ishingiye kuri Albert Maus, naho ubufatanye mu bikorwa bukaba bugikomeje kugeza n’ubu.

Ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Pierre Nkurunziza, u Burundi bwakiriye umutwe wa FLN, umutwe w’iterabwoba wari uyobowe na Paul Rusesabagina ndetse ugizwe n’abahoze muri FDLR. Amazina ashobora guhinduka, ariko umutima w’ingengabitekerezo ugakomeza kuba umwe.

Ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Évariste Ndayishimiye, FLN na FDLR birimo kongera gutegurwa, gushishikarizwa kwihuza no kubaka ihuriro rimwe rirwanya u Rwanda, riyobowe na Jean-Luc Habyarimana, umuhungu wa Juvénal Habyarimana wahoze ari Perezida w’u Rwanda.

Uyu mugambi uhuye n’amagambo ya Ndayishimiye ubwe. Muri Mutarama 2024, ubwo yavugiraga i Kinshasa nk’intumwa y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe ishinzwe urubyiruko, amahoro n’umutekano, yavuze ku mugaragaro ko azafasha “kubohora” urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda. Kuba yaravuzwe n’umuyobozi w’igihugu gicumbikiye abayobozi ba FDLR kandi ingabo zacyo zikarwana hamwe na bo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, ayo magambo yasaga n’atangaza intambara.

Umuryango mpuzamahanga ukomeje kwitwara nk’aho FDLR ari umutwe ushaje kandi udashoboye. Siko biri. Ni umutwe w’iterabwoba n’ubwicanyi bwibasira inyokomuntu ushyigikiwe n’ibihugu bibiri.

Amagambo ya Ambasaderi w’u Burundi mu Bubiligi yabaye nk’umusumari wa nyuma ushyingura ukuri, kandi ashobora kuba ari ikizamini cya nyuma cyerekana niba ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi byiyemeje amahoro muri aka karere. Nibidakora, bizaba bifite uruhare rungana mu gutuma intambara itegurwa irushaho gukara.

Abanyarwanda bifuza amahoro. Ariko nibaramuka badafite ubundi buryo, bazahangana n’intambara u Bubiligi bwateguye binyuze kuri Albert Maus kuva mu myaka mirongo irindwi ishize.