Ni ingamba zagombaga kugeza mu 2030, zari zitezweho guhindura imikorere isanzwe mu byiciro bitandukanye birimo ubuhinzi, gucukura amabuye y’agaciro, gucunga imyanda, amazi n’ibindi ku buryo imyuka ihumanya ikirere izagabanukaho 38%, igasigara kuri 16%.

Muri izo ngamba kandi u Rwanda ruteganya ko mu 2030, ruzaba rugeze ku kigereranyo cya 20% by’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu buryo bwa rusange, moto zikaba ari 30% naho imodoka z’abantu ku giti cyabo zikazaba ari 8%.

Kuva mu 2020 ubwo mu Rwanda hatangiraga kwinjira cyane imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, kugeza mu mpera za 2024, mu Rwanda habarurwaga izirenga 7000, ubariyemo izikoresha amashanyarazi yonyine n’iziyakoresha hamwe na lisansi (Hybrid).

Iyi gahunda yagombaga gutwara Miliyari 11 z’Amadolari harimo Miliyari 5.3 azakoreshwa mu guhangana n’ingaruka ziterwa n’iyangirika ry’ikirere zamaze kubaho, n’andi Miliyari 5.7 azakoreshwa mu gushyiraho ingamba zishobora gukumira iyangirika ry’ikirere. U Rwanda rwabashije kubona Miliyari 4.5 z’Amadolari yo gukoresha muri ibyo bikorwa, muri NDC irangiye ya 2020-2025.

U Rwanda kandi rwavuguruye iyi gahunda yarwo yo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe hagamijwe kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere (NDC 3.0), intego ivanwa mu 2030 igezwa mu 2035, n’ingengo y’imari ya Miliyari 12 z’Amadolari, hakazagabanywa imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 53%, aha Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (REMA) kikazabigiramo uruhare runini kubera gahunda cyatangije yo gupima inyuka isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga.

Iyi gahunda nshya ni intambwe ikomeye u Rwanda ruteye mu rugendo rugana ku bukungu budahumanya ikirere kandi burambye, bikanashyigikira intego z’igihugu zo gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano y’i Paris no kwesa imihigo y’icyerekezo 2050.

Guhera muri uku kwezi (Ukuboza), mu Mujyi wa Kigali hatangijwe gahunda nshya yo gutwara abagenzi mu buryo bwa rusange, izatuma imodoka zikoreshwa nk’uburyo bwizewe kandi bwita ku bidukikije.

Biteganyijwe ko izarangwa no kurengera ibidukikije, nk’uburyo buzafasha u Rwanda kugera ku ntego z’umujyi utangiza ibidukikije, nkuko biteganyijwe muri gahunda y’Igihugu yo kwihutisha Iterambere (NST2), n’icyerekezo 2050.

Mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije, muri gahunda yo gutwara abagenzi mu buryo bwa rusange, ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali buheruka gutangaza ko guhera mu mwaka utaha (2026), nta modoka itwara abagenzi mu buryo bwa rusange ikorera muri uwo Mujyi, izongera kuhakorera idakoresha amashanyarazi (EV), nk’uko bitangazwa na Samuel Dusengiyumva uyobora uyu Mujyi.

Ati “Mu gihe bisi (bus) isanzwe ikoresha mazutu ishobora kunywera nk’ibihumbi 180Frw ku munsi, iy’amashanyarazi ikoresha ibihumbi 40Frw ku munsi. Dushaka ko guhera umwaka utaha imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu buryo bwa rusange zaba ari iz’amashanyarazi gusa. Twifuza kandi ko umuturage ugeze ku cyapa atahamara iminota irenze itatu atarabona imodoka ije kumutwara, kugira ngo imodoka zigabanuke mu muhanda abantu bagende bicaye neza kandi ku kiguzi kizima.”

Umuyobozi w’Ikigo gitunganya imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ‘Bus Go’ ishami ry’u Rwanda, Doreen Olishaba, avuga ko hari benshi bamaze kubasaba kubazanira izi modoka.

Ati “Uyu munsi dufite imodoka ziri hejuru ya 361, kandi intego yacu nka ‘Bus Go Rwanda’, ni ugutanga imodoka 100 mu mezi 13 ari imbere, na nyuma yayo tukaba dufite inteko y’uko mu myaka ibiri iri imbere tuzatanga imodoka z’amashanyarazi zisaga 200, kuko intego yacu ni ugukwirakwiza imodoka z’amashanyarazi muri Afurika, ku buryo tuzaruhuka tumaze gutanga nibura izirenga 1000.”

Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iyi gahunda, Banki y’Isi iheruka kwemeza arenga Miliyari 140Frw, yo gushyigikira Umujyi wa Kigali muri gahunda zawo zo kugana ku buryo bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu buryo butangiza ikirere, bwizewe kandi butagira uwo buheza, mu mushinga wishwe ‘Rwanda Urban Mobility Improvement’.

Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije Dr. Bernadette Arakwiye, avuga ko ibipimo bagenda bafata hirya no hino mu gihugu, byerekana ko umwuka abantu bahumeka ukomeza kwandura cyane cyane mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

Ati “Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, bwerekanye ko ibinyabiziga byohereza umwuka mu kirere, bifite uruhare runini mu kwangiza wa mwuka wacu, nk’uko tumaze iminsi tubivuga ku mbunga nkoranyambaga n’ahandi hatandukanye. Guhumeka umwuka mubi bitugiraho ingaruka, twebwe, ariko bikagira ingaruka zihariye ku bantu bakuze, ku bana n’abandi bafite indwara z’ubuhumekero.”

Yungamo ati “Kugabanya ibinyabiziga byangiza umwuka, bizagira ingaruka nziza mu kurengera ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu kuduha uwo mwuka mwiza duhumeka. Nitugabanya ibyo binyabizaga ku muhanda, noneho n’ibisigaye bikagenda bikoresha amashanyarazi, bitohereza uwo mwuka uhumanya mu kirere, bizadufasha cyane mu kongera umwuka mwiza duhumeka.”

Abatunze ibinyabiziga bashishikarizwa kubipimisha imyuka ihumanya, aho guhera muri Kanama, u Rwanda rubinyujije muri REMA, rwatangije uburyo bushya bwisumbuyeho, bwo gupima imyuka ihumanya ituruka mu binyabiziga byose (Emissions Test).

Bitandukanye n’isuzuma rusange ry’umutekano w’ibinyabiziga (contrôle technique) risanzwe rikorwa, rigasuzuma ibintu bitandukanye, nk’amapine, feri n’ibindi bijyanye n’uko ikinyabiziga kimeze. Ubu buryo bushya bwo bureba iby’iyo myuka ihumanya ubwayo, bupima ibinyabutabire biri mu muyoboro w’imyuka isohoka mu binyabiziga, birimo Monoxyde de carbone (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) ndetse n’ibyitwa ‘particulate matter (PM2.5)’.

Ikinyabiziga kidasohora umwuka ku gipimo cyemewe, ntigishobora guhabwa icyemezo cy’ubuziranenge, kandi buri kinyabiziga gikorera mu Rwanda gitegetswe kuba gifite icyemezo cy’uko cyapimwe kandi cyujuje ubuziranenge, ku buryo utubahirije iryo tegeko ashobora guhanishwa ihazabu irimo gucibwa amande.

NDC 3.0 y’u Rwanda yubakiye ku byagezweho muri NDC 2.0, ikazashyirwa mu bikorwa kugeza mu 2035, aho izongera imbaraga mu nzego zose.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), rivuga ko guhumana kw’ikirere bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu cyane cyane abagore batwite, abana n’abafite indwara zidakira.

Byongera kandi ibyago byo kurwara Kanseri y’ibihaha, uburwayi bw’umutima, Asma n’izindi ndwara z’ubuhumekero.