Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Banki y’Isi ku bufatanye na Minisiteri ishinzwe Ibiza (MINEMA) n’iy’Imari n’Igenamigambi (MINECOFIN) bubigaragaza, u Rwanda rujya ruhura n’igihombo rwatewe n’ibiza kingana hafi Miliyoni 145 z’Amadolari buri mwaka, no mu gihe habaye ibiza bikomeye cyane, icyo gihombo gishobora kugera no kuri Miliyoni 345 z’Amadolari.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bwasojwe mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka, buzashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2026, bwerekana ko u Rwanda ruzaba rukeneye nibura Miliyoni 350 z’Amadolari (Miliyari 507.6FrW) buri mwaka kugira ngo ruzabe rufite ubwirinzi bukomeye n’amikoro, mu kurinda ubuzima bw’abaturage, ibikorwa remezo no guhangana n’imihindagurikire.

Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyifashisha cyane ingengo y’imari yihutirwa ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ibiza, ingana hafi na Miliyoni 90 z’Amadolari buri mwaka, hakiyongeraho inkunga z’abaterankunga zidahoraho kandi zidateganyijwe. Ubu buryo bwagaragaye ko budahagije, kuko butuma igihugu gisigara gifite ibyuho by’imari binini nyuma y’ibiza bikomeye.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ingaruka ibiza byabaye zagiye zisigara ku bukungu bw’igihugu, ku ngengo y’imari, no ku mibereho y’abaturage. Urugero ni imyuzure yo mu 2023 yangije ibintu bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 193 z’Amadolari, kandi byasabye miliyoni 451 z’amadolari kugira ngo igihugu kibashe kwiyubaka no gusana ibyangiritse.

Iyo raporo kandi yasuzumye amategeko, inzego, n’ibikoresho by’imari bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu guhangana n’ibiza, isanga harimo ibura rikomeye ry’amafaranga y’ingengo y’imari, amakuru n’imikoranire hagati y’inzego, bigatuma Minisiteri ishinzwe ibiza idakora neza uko bikwiye.

Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, ubushakashatsi bwasabye gushyiraho uburyo bushya bw’ingengo y’imari bufatika buzafasha u Rwanda kugira ubushobozi bwo guhangana no kwitegura ibiza bizaza.

Iyi gahunda nshya yo guhangana n’ibiza izakenera ingengo y’imari izaturuka ahantu hatandukanye, harimo igice cy’amafaranga kizajya kiboneka binyuze mu ngengo y’imari y’igihugu, aho buri mwaka hazajya hashyirwa miliyoni 40 z’amadolari muri Konti y’igihugu yo gukumira ibiza, kugira ngo habe hari amafaranga akoreshwa mu bibazo bito mu buryo bwihuse.

Na ho mu gihe habaye ibiza bikomeye cyane, u Rwanda ruzajya rubona inguzanyo zidasanzwe ziri hagati ya miliyoni 100 na 140 z’amadolari, ku bufatanye na Banki y’Isi n’ibindi bigo by’imari mpuzamahanga biteza imbere ibihugu.

U Rwanda kandi ruzafata ubwishingizi bw’igihugu ku byago bikomeye (sovereign disaster insurance) bungana na miliyoni 90 z’amadolari, buzajya butanga amafaranga yo gufasha mu gihe cy’ibiza bikomeye nk’imyuzure cyangwa imitingito.

Ubwishingizi bw’abahinzi n’ubw’ubucuruzi buto buzashyirwaho ku bufatanye n’abikorera, amakoperative n’ibigo by’ubwishingizi byo mu gihugu, bukazagera kuri miliyoni 70 z’amadolari, bugamije kurengera abahinzi n’abacuruzi bato.

Andi ni miliyoni 20 z’amadolari azaturuka muri gahunda mpuzamahanga zizita ku guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, agamije guteza imbere sisiteme z’amakuru, ibipimo by’ingaruka, n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga impuruza hakiri kare.

Ibi byose hamwe bizatuma u Rwanda ruhindura uburyo rwakoreshaga bwo guhangana n’ibiza byabaye mu buryo bwo kubikumira, ahubwo rutegure hakiri kare kubikumira rushingiye ku makuru yizewe.

Nk’uko Banki y’Isi ibisobanura, ivuga ko uburyo bwo gutegura no guhangana n’ibyago bituruka ku biza mu byiciro bitandukanye, hakurikijwe ubukana bwabyo (risk-layered approach) ishobora gufasha Leta kuzigama hagati ya miliyoni 57 na 200 z’amadolari buri mwaka, kuko izagabanya gukenera inguzanyo z’ibyihutirwa no gutinda mu bikorwa byo gusana ibyangiritse nyuma y’ibiza.

Abayobozi bavuga ko iyi gahunda nshya yo gutegura ingengo y’imari yo guhangana n’ibiza ihuye neza n’icyerekezo cy’igihugu cya Vision 2050, no kuramba kw’ubukungu no kugira igihugu cyiteguye guhangana n’ibyago kugira ngo bidahungabanya umusingi w’iterambere.

U Rwanda rwari rukeneye gushyiraho uburyo n’ingamba zo guhangana n’ibibazo biterwa ni ibiza mu buryo burambye ubu ruzajya rubikora rugendeye ku ngengo y’imari ndetse n’amakuru y’iteganyagihe n’ubushobozi bw’ingengo y’imari kugira ngo amafaranga atazajya akoreshwa mu gusana gusa ahubwo afashe no mu kongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda.

Mu gushyira imicungire y’ibiza mu igenamigambi rusange ry’igihugu, u Rwanda rugamije kugira uburyo bwo gusana vuba, kurinda ibyo rwagezeho mu iterambere, no kuba igihugu gifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo mu by’ubukungu muri Afurika bitarenze 2030.