Ushobora kuba ubona agakingirizo, nyamara hari ibibazo by’amatsiko ugafiteho nko ku miterere yako, ibyo gakozemo, itandukaniro ryatwo, inkomoko yako n’andi makuru wumvise mabi cyangwa meza akavugwaho. Kugira ngo tugufashe gusobanukirwa ibi byose, twaganiriye na Nzeyimana Zephanie, Umukozi ushinzwe kurwanya Virusi itera SIDA mu Kigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC), asobanura byinshi ku gakingirizo.

Ibi ni ibibazo n’ibisubizo ku gakingirizo:

Ese agakingirizo ni iki?

Agakingirizo ni agafuka korohereye, kareduka, kandi kanyerera gatandukanya ibitsina by’abarimo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ibi bikarinda gusama bitifujwe, n’indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Hariho agakingirizo k’abagabo, n’akabagore. Agakingirizo iyo gakoreshejwe neza, karinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigero kirenga 90%.

Igitekerezo cyo gukora agakingirizo cyaturutse he?

Igitekerezo cyaturutse ku gushaka kwirinda ingaruka z’imibonano mpuzabitsina, cyane cyane kwirinda gusama inda zitateganyijwe, no kwirinda indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina harimo na VIH/SIDA.

Mu mateka, abantu bagiye bagerageza uburyo butandukanye bwo “gupfuka” igitsina cyangwa “guhagarika intanga” hifashishijwe ibikoresho biboneka, hanyuma uko ubumenyi n’inganda byagiye bitera imbere, haboneka udukingirizo dukorwa mu buryo bugezweho kandi bugenzurwa ubuziranenge.

Hari abakita agafuka: Ese ni irihe tandukaniro ryako n’isashi, uruhago rw’inyamaswa, n’ibindi?

Agakingirizo (condom) kagezweho gatandukanye n’ibikoresho nk’ isashi cyangwa uruhago, amara by’inyamaswa (byakorwagamo udukingirizo mbere y’umwaka wa 1930 kuko:
• Gakorwa mu bikoresho byabugenewe (latex, polyurethane, polyisoprene) bigira uburyo buhamye bwo gufata no kurinda.
• Karakorwa kagapimwa ubuziranenge (quality control) kugira ngo harebwe ko katava, katacika byoroshye, kandi gafite umutekano ku mubiri.
• Gateye ku buryo koroha gukoresha, kakanashobora kuba karimo amavuta yagenewe kugabanya ubwumagare no gukomereka.

Isashi isanzwe ntiyagenewe uruhu, ishobora gucika, kunyerera, kugira impumuro cyangwa ibintu byangiza uruhu, kandi nta bipimo by’ubuziranenge iba yanyuzemo mu gukoreshwa nk’agakingirizo nk’ubwo udukingirizo tunyuramo.

Ngo kera bakoreshaga isashi isanzwe; ese ni byo?

Hari amakuru agaragara mu mateka ko bamwe mu bantu (mu bihe bitandukanye n’ahantu hatandukanye) bageragezaga gukoresha ibintu bisa n’udufuka, imyenda yoroshye, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho biboneka. Birashoboka ariko ikoranabuhanga ryakomeje gukora udukingirizo turushijeho kurinda indwara tujyanye n’ ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Amwe mu mafoto y’ udukingirizo twa kera:

Ubundi gakozwe mu ki? Ni ibiki byifashishwa mu kugakora?

Udukingirizo two muri iki gihe dukunze gukorwa muri:

• Latex (rubber isanzwe): ni yo ikoreshwa cyane ku isoko.
• Polyurethane: ikoreshwa ku bagubwa nabi cyangwa ku bafite ‘allergie’ ya latex, kandi ishobora kujyana n’amavuta amwe n’amwe.
• Polyisoprene: isa na latex ariko ikarushaho kugabanya ibibazo bya ‘allergie’ kuri bamwe.

Igiti gitanga latex zifashishwa mu gukora udukingirizo (Bubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis:

Agakingirizo iyo kamaze gukorwa kongerwamo:
• Amavuta (lubricant): ashobora kuba ashingiye ku mazi (water-based) cyangwa silicone (bitewe n’ubwoko).
• Ifu yoroheje cyangwa coating bigatuma kambarwa byoroshye.
• Hari n’udufite imiti yica intanga (spermicide)

Amavuta yako nta kibazo yatera mu mubiri? Ese avura ibiheri byo mu maso koko?

Amavuta yo ku gakingirizo yagenewe gukoreshwa mu mibonano, kandi iyo akoreshejwe uko bigomba, ntatera ikibazo ku muntu udafite ‘allergie’ cyangwa uburwayi bwihariye.

Ariko ku bantu bamwe ashobora gutera kuribwa/uburyaryate (irritation), ‘allergie’ (ku mavuta runaka, parfum, cyangwa latex).

Ku bijyanye no “kuvura ibiheri byo mu maso”: si wo mumaro wayo. Amavuta yo ku gakingirizo ashobora guteza ibindi bibazo kuko atagenewe gusigwa mu maso: Ashobora gufunga utwenge tw’uruhu (pores). Ntakwiye gukoreshwa mu maso nk’umuti. Ufite ibibazo by’ uruhu, akwiye kugana muganga cyangwa umujyanama w’ubuzima akamufasha.

Uburebure/umubyimba w’agakingirizo bihuzwa bite n’ingano y’igitsina gabo ko biba bitangana mu bunini no mu burebure?

Udukingirizo dukoreshwa ku buryo dufite elasticité (kurambuka) ku buryo duhuza ingano nyinshi zitandukanye, ariko hari na sizes (standard, large, snug fit) cyane cyane ku bugari (width) kurusha ku burebure.

Icy’ingenzi ni uko agakingirizo kagomba kwambarwa neza nta kugakanda cyane, kukajomba inzara, kandi kakagera ku mpera hagasigara umwanya ku musozo (tip/reservoir) wo kwakira amasohoro.

Ese ngo gashobora kujyamo ijerekani y’amazi ntigacike? Biterwa n’iki? Kajyamo Litiro zingahe?

Ibyo ni igerageza ryo kwerekana ko karambuka (elasticity), gakomeye kandi ko kihanganira gukururwa, ariko ntiribasha gupima neza umutekano wako mu mibonano (kuko imibonano mpuzabitsina igira ihindagurika mu bushyuhe, ububobere, ubwumagare, n’imikoranire itandukanye n’amazi).

Kudacika kw’agakingirizo biterwa n’ubwiza bw’ ibyo gakozemo (latex/polyurethane), uburyo kabitswe (kutabikwa ku zuba cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije), kutarenza igihe karangira (expiry), no kuba katarangiritse (utwenge, gucikagurika).

Ku mubare wa litiro: ntawuhoraho uvugwa ku buryo bwizewe, kuko biterwa n’ubwoko n’uruganda; kandi kwishingikiriza kuri “litiro” si ikimenyetso cy’uko katacika mu mibonano.

Udukingirizo tw’abagore n’utw’abagabo dukoze kimwe? Turaboneka? Turakundwa? Kuki tutitabirwa? Ese turakenewe?

Udukingirizo tw’abagabo n’utw’abagore si kimwe: Agakingirizo k’abagabo (Male condom) kambarwa ku gitsina gabo hanze, ak’abagore (Female condom) gashyirwa imbere mu gitsina gore (vagina), kagira impeta/agace kagafasha kuguma mu mwanya.

Udukingirizo tw’abagore ku isoko mu bihugu byinshi turaboneka, ariko akenshi ni ducye ugereranyije n’utw’abagabo.

Impamvu zituma udukingirizo tw’abagore tutitabirwa cyane (kuri benshi):
– kutamenyera uko gakoreshwa,
– kuba gahenda cyangwa kataboneka henshi,
– imyumvire/isoni,
– kubura ubukangurambaga n’amahugurwa ku ikoreshwa.

• Ese turakenewe? Yego, kuko:
– duha abagore amahitamo yo kwirinda,
– ni ubundi buryo ku batabasha gukoresha utw’abagabo,
– kandi na two dufasha mu kwirinda indwara n’inda (iyo dukoreshejwe neza).

Ese agakingirizo ngo kagira utwenge duto tutaboneka, ntikagomba kwizerwa 100%: ni byo?

Udukingirizo twiza tunyura mu igenzura rikomeye harimo no kureba ko tutava (leak tests). Ariko mu buzima busanzwe:

• nta buryo bwo kwirinda buba “100%” iyo harebwe amakosa abantu badukoresha bajya bakora. Agakingirizo karinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigero kiri hejuru ya 90% iyo gakoreshejwe neza.
• Ibituma agakingirizo kangirika kakagira utwenge duto cyangwa tunini akenshi ni:
– kugakoresha nabi,
– kugafungura nabi (hakoreshejwe amenyo/ibikoresho bityaye),
– kubikwa nabi (izuba/ubushyuhe),
– gukoresha amavuta atari yo nka petroleum jelly azwi nk’ igikotori. Aya mavuta atuma gashyuha kagacirka mu gihe cy’ imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Muri macye udukingirizo twemerwa mu gihugu tumaze gusuzumwa ubuziranenge bwatwo imbere mu gihugu kandi n’inganda ziradusuzuma mbere yo kudushyira ku isoko.

Bigenda gute ngo agakingirizo gacike? Ese habaho utwa pirate/ututujuje ubuziranenge? Watubwirwa n’iki?

Gacika bishobora guterwa n’ibi:
• Gukoresha amavuta ya peteroli (Vaseline, amavuta yo kwisiga ya “oil-based”, amavuta y’imodoka n’ibindi) kuri latex: birayica.
• Kutakambara neza (kubura umwanya ku musozo, gusigamo umwuka mwinshi, kwambara nabi).
• Gukoresha agakingirizo karangije igihe.
• Kukabika mu bushyuhe/izuba cyangwa mu mufuka igihe kirekire (friction).
• Gukoresha agakingirizo kamwe inshuro irenze imwe.
• Gukoresha “size” itari yo.
• Yego, habaho n’utwiganano/ututujuje ubuziranenge. Gusa mu Rwanda ikigo cy’ igihugu gishinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’ imiti n’ ibiribwa, RFDA cyemeze ubuziranenge bwatwo mbere yo gutangwa ngo dukoreshwe.

Ibyo wamenya:
• reba ko ipaki ifunze neza kandi itamenetse,
• reba itariki yo kurangira,
• reba ko hari amakuru y’uruganda/ikimenyetso cy’ubuziranenge (batch/lot number, n’ibindi),
• iyo ipaki yumye cyane, ifite umwuka mwinshi, cyangwa isa n’ishaje, ntukwiye ku kagura cyangwa ugakoreshe.

Ni ikihe kindi abantu bakwiye kumenya ku gakingirizo?

Virusi itera SIDA iracyari icyorezo, buri wese akwiye kuyirinda akoresheje uburyo bwizewe nk’ agakingirizo n’ undi buryo butandukanye bubonerwa ku mavuriro yose ya leta. Iyo utekereza ko uwo mwabonanye yakwanduje virusi itera SIDA, ukwiye kujya kwa Muganga bakakugira inama byaba ngombwa bakaguha imiti ikurinda kwandura iyo utararenza amasaha 72 habaye uburyo bwakwanduje, imibonanompuza bitsina cyangwa gukomereka (Post exposure prophylaxis). Uwaba nawe yumva ahorana ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, akwiye kugana ivuriro hakarebwa niba yahabwa uburyo bufatwa mbere y’ uko umuntu ahura na virusi itera SIDA bukamurinda (Pre-exposure prophylaxis).