Inyoni kabuhariwe mu gutereta

Rimwe na rimwe abantu bajya bagira ngo nibo bazi ubwenge cyangwa amayeri menshi yo gutereta, ariko iyi nkuru y’inyoni bita Bowerbird, ushatse wayita Igishwi mu Kinyarwanda, yatumye abashakashatsi bongera gutekereza ku buryo inyamaswa zigira imyitwarire idasanzwe nk’iy’abantu mu rukundo kugira ngo zibashe kureshya ngenzi zazo.

Mu gutereta, iyo nyoni izana imitako, ikubaka ikintu kimeze nka stage, kugira ngo yereke ingore uburyo ihagaze neza
Mu gutereta, iyo nyoni izana imitako, ikubaka ikintu kimeze nka stage, kugira ngo yereke ingore uburyo ihagaze neza

Mu mashyamba yo muri Australia na New Guinea, hari inyoni itangaje yatumye abashakashatsi bamanuka ku bwinshi kugira ngo basobanukirwe neza ibintu bari babonye bikabatera kugira amatsiko cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’uburyo igira imyitwarire yihariye ijyanye no gutereta inyoni y’ingore.

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko mu gihe mu busanzwe inyoni zose zizwiho kuririmba mu majwi yazo yihariye, kuri Bowerbird ngo bitagarukira aho gusa, ko ahubwo ngo igira umwihariko wo guhuza imbaraga zayo mu buhanzi n’ubugeni igategura urubyiniro rutatse indabo nyinshi z’amabara igenda isarura hirya no hino kugira ngo ireshye ngenzi yayo y’ingore.

Iyi myitwarire idasanzwe ni yo yatumye iyi nyoni iba imwe mu zishimisha cyane abashakashatsi biga ku miterere y’urukundo n’uburyo inyamanswa zitegura igikorwa cyazo cyo gutera akabariro.

Inyoni yo mu bwoko bwa Bowerbird (Ijya kumera nk’igishwi), abashakashatsi bavuga ko izwi ho kubaka akazu kitwa bower, ariko ngo si inzu isanzwe yo kubamo ahubwo imeze nk’urubyiniro "Stage” igenewe kwerekana ubuhanga bwayo mu rukundo, igamije kwigaragaza kugira ngo ireshye iy’igitsina gore.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na John Endler, umuhanga mu bijyanye n’ihindagurika ry’ibinyabuzima (evolutionary biology), yise “optical illusion” mu nyamaswa bwagaragaje ikintu gitangaje aho yavuze ko inyoni za Bowerbird zikoresha uburyo bwo gutuma ibintu bigaragara mu buryo butandukanye (optical illusion).

Mu bushakashatsi bwe avuga ko yasanze Bowerbird itondeka ibintu bito hafi y’aho yarabutswe ngenzi yayo y’ingore, ibi bigatuma aho irebera hasa n’aharinganiye neza cyane. Endler yavuze ko ibi byerekana ko iyi nyoni ifite ubushobozi bwo gutekereza ku buryo undi muntu abona ibintu (perspective), ikintu gikunze kuboneka ku bantu kurusha inyamaswa.

Ubushakashatsi bwa Prof. Gerald Borgia, yavuze ko ubwiza bw’ubugeni bwayo n’isuku bigira uruhare mu gukurura inyoni z’ingore. Yagaragaje ko no mu busanzwe igitsina gore gikunda guhitamo cyane inzu zisukuye kandi zitunganyijwe neza bigatuma Bowerbird ihora isukura kandi ikunoza ibikorwa byayo.

Borgia yemeje ko kwita ku tuntu duto (attention to detail) ari ingenzi cyane mu guhirwa mu rukundo kuri iyi nyoni.

Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Gail Patricelli bwibanze ku mbyino n’imyitwarire ya Bowerbird, bwerekanye ko iyi nyoni y’ingabo muri kwa kwiyerekana kwayo, ngo ihindura imbyino bitewe n’uko igitsina gore kiri kwitwara.

Avuga ko iyo ibonye ngenzi yayo y’ingore igaragaje ubwoba, nayo igabanya umuvuduko w’izo mbyino zayo, mugihe iyo ibonye yishimye, ngo irushaho kongera imbaraga muri performance.

Ibi ngo byerekana ko Bowerbird ishobora guhindura uburyo gutwara cyangwa itanga ubutumwa (adaptive behavior) bitewe n’uyireba.

Abahanga bakoze ubushakashatsi bahuriza ku gitekerezo cy’uko Bowerbird ifite ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya (creativity), ishobora gutunganya neza ibintu byayo hashingiwe ku bwiza (aesthetic sense), kandi ishobora gukoresha ubuhanzi nk’uburyo bwo kwigaragaza mu rukundo.

Bavuga ko nubwo isa n’inyoni ituje, mu by’ukuri ikora ibishoboka byose kugira ihatane n’izindi, ibintu bituma Bowerbird iba imwe mu nyamaswa zifite uburyo bwihariye bwo kurushanwa bikomeye cyane mu gutereta.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’aba bahanga bugaragaza ko Bowerbird atari inyamaswa isanzwe, ahubwo ari urugero rugaragaza ko inyamaswa zishobora gutekereza ku buryo buhanitse, guhanga udushya no gukoresha ubuhanzi n’ubugeni mu mibereho yazo.

Mu magambo ya John Endler, umuhanga mu bijyanye n’ihindagurika ry’ibinyabuzima (evolutionary biology), yavuze ko iyi nyoni igaragaza ko ubwiza bushobora kuba igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu mibereho, bitari ku bantu gusa, ahubwo no ku nyamaswa.

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