Nyuma baje kuyita childbed fever cyangwa puerperal fever (indwara yibasira abagore nyuma yo kubyara).

Iyi ndwara ni imwe mu zabayeho zahitanaga umubare munini w’abagore bamaze kubyara dore ko umugore umwe muri bane yicwaga n’iyo ndwara.

Mu bimenyetso byayo, harimo ububabare bukabije mu nda, kugira umuriro mwinshi, no guhita uremba mu buryo bwihuse cyane ko mu minsi itatu gusa yabaga ihagije ngo ihitane umugore.

Icyo gihe, abaganga n’abaforomo ntibari bazi neza icyatezaga iyo ndwara. Hari abatekerezaga ko ari imyuka mibi abandi bakavuga ko ari igihano cy’Imana kuko nta muntu n’umwe wari uzi ukuri ku nkomoko y’iyo ndwara yari imaze igihe yica abagore bamaze kubyara.

Kugira ngo uwo mwijima urangire, byasabye gutegereza Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis wakomokaga muri Hongiriya, wari utangiye gukora mu bitaro bya Vienna, ubwo yicaraga agatangira gutekereza no gukora iperereza yitonze, agamije kumenya impamvu nyirizina iri gutera iyo ndwara benshi bari baraburiye igisubizo.

Uyu muganga wari ukiri muto, mu 1847 yaje kwitegereza avumbura ibintu byari intandaro yo gucura imiborogo kw’imiryango yabaga ibuze ababo babaga bamaze guhitanwa n’iyo ndwara.

Umunsi umwe, mugenzi we wari umuganga yitabye Imana nyuma yo gukomeretswa n’icyuma bakoreshaga mu gusuzuma umurambo. Ibimenyetso bye byasaga n’iby’abo bagore bapfaga nyuma yo kubyara.

Aho ni ho Semmelweis yahise atekereza ko bishoboka cyane rwose ko abaganga bava gusuzuma imirambo, bagahita baza kubyaza abagore batabanje gukaraba intoki. Icyo gihe, abaganga bakoraga autopsies (gusuzuma imirambo) hanyuma bagahita bajya no kubyaza nta gukaraba intoki.

Semmelweis yahise atanga itegeko rishya, asaba ko Abaganga bose bagomba kujya bakaraba intoki bakoresheje amazi arimo chlorine mbere yo gukora ku murwayi. N’ubwo hari ababanje gushidikanya ku byo yavugaga, nyamara byahise bitanga umusaruro mu buryo butangaje kuko umubare w’abagore bapfaga wahise ugabanuka cyane.

Mu gihe gito, impfu z’abagore babaga bamaze kubyara wavuye ku kigero kiri hejuru cyane ugera hafi kuri zero. Ndetse mu Gihugu cya Austria byabaye igitangaza gikomeye mu buvuzi.

Nyuma y’aya mateka akomeye, yahinduye urwego rw’ubuvuzi ku Isi yose, wahita wibaza niba Dr Semmelweis, yarahawe igihembo cya Nobel. Ntabwo ariko byagenze!

Abaganga benshi bo muri icyo gihe baramurwanyije karahava kuko ntibashakaga kwemera ko ari bo batumaga abarwayi bapfa ndetse bavugaga ko igitekerezo cyo gukaraba intoki cyari nk’igisebo kuri bo. Bamwe baramusekaga, abandi bakamufata nk’umusazi. Ntibari bazi iby’udukoko dutera indwara (germs), kuko ubumenyi bwa germ theory bwaje nyuma.

Nyuma y’uko ashyizweho igitutu, kumwibasira n’ibindi bikorwa yakorerwaga byamwibasiraga, Dr Semmelweis yaje kugira ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Mu 1865, yashyizwe mu bitaro by’abarwayi bo mu mutwe ndetse ngo yakubitwaga bikabije n’abamurindaga.

Yaje gupfa nyuma y’iminsi mike, ndetse urupfu rwe rwateye benshi agahinda, kuko yapfuye azize infection, ya yindi yarwanyaga ubuzima bwe bwose.

Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, abahanga barimo Louis Pasteur na Joseph Lister baje gukora ubushakashatsi bwaje kugaragaza ko abo bagore bo muri Austria banshi bazize indwara ziterwa n’udukoko tutagaragara (germs). Ni bwo Isi yose yaje kwemera ko Semmelweis yari afite ukuri.

Uyu munsi, Dr Semmelweis afatwa nk’umucunguzi w’ababyeyi babyara, (Savior of Mothers) kuko gukaraba intoki ni byabaye itegeko rikomeye mu buvuzi.