Inyamaswa zibaho igihe kirekire ziba zifite ibizifasha kugira ngo zirame harimo no kuba zihagarara gukura mu gihe runaka bitewe n’ibizikikije. Inyinshi muri zo ziba hasi mu bujyakuzimu bw’inyanja. Ubushakashatsi hari aho usanga butagaragaza igihe gihamye kizwi izi nyamanswa ziba zaravukiye. Icyo gihe hagenderwa ku makuru yavuye mu bundi bwabanje.

Uru ni urutonde rwa zimwe mu nyamaswa zibaho igihe kirekire kurusha izindi.

Akanyamasyo ka Seychelles

Utunyamasyo dusanzwe tuzwiho kubaho igihe kirekire ariko akabaho igihe kinini ni ako mu bwoko bwa Aldabrachelys gigantea hololissa. Akamaze igihe kirekire kaba ku kirwa cya St Helena mu Nyanja ya Atlantic kahazanywe n’abantu bo muri Seychelles hagati ya 1882 na 1886.

Aka kiswe Jonathan muri 2022 kanditswe mu gitabo cy’uduhigo (Guiness World Record) nk’akanyamasyo karambye ku Isi. Imyaka ya Jonathan igenderwa ku ifoto yafashwe hagati ya 1882 na 1886. Kandi kuri iyo foto kari karakuze nibura gafite imyaka 50 nk’uko livescience, urubuga rushyirwaho ubushakashatsi ku binyabuzima rubivuga.

Ibinyabuzima bitagira ingingo byitwa ‘Urchins’

Indi nyamaswa ikunze kubaho igihe kini ni ibinyabuzima bitagira ingingo (invertabrates) bitwikiriwe n’amahwa byitwa ‘urchins’ bikunze kuboneka mu nyanja itukura. Kaminuza ya Oregon State muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ivuga ko Urchins zikunze kuba mu mazi y’inyanja yegereye ubutaka zikarya ibimera byo mu nyanja. Ubushakashatsi bw’iyi kaminuza buvuga ko Urchins zikura buhoro cyane hamwe na hamwe zigashobora kubaho ibinyejana mu gihe zidahuye n’izindi nyamaswa zizirya, indwara cyangwa abarobyi.

Urchins zo mu nyanja itukura zo muri Washington na Alaska zibaho imyaka hagati ya 100 na 200. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Fishery Bulletin muri 2003 buvuga ko iriho ifite imyaka myinshi ari 200.

Ifi yo mu bwoko bwa Baleine

Iyi fi izwiho kuba ari cyo kinyamabere kibaho igihe kirekire. Ikigo cyo muri USA kirengera ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi kivuga ko iyi fi ibaho imyaka hagati ya 100 na 200. Baleine igira akanyangingo (gene) kitwa ERCC1 gafasha gukiza akaremangingo fatizo (DNA) iyo kangiritse. Ibi biyirinda indwara nyinshi nka kanseri. Igira n’akandi kanyangingo kitwa PCNA kayifasha kugabanya umuvuduko isazamo.

Inyamaswa zo mu Gasozi mu Rwanda zibaho imyaka ingahe?

Inyamaswa zo mu gasozi zifite ubuzima butandukanye cyane bitewe n’ubwoko bwazo, aho ziba, n’uburyo zibaho. Hari izibaho igihe gito cyane, mu gihe izindi zimara imyaka myinshi cyane.

Umukozi w’akarere ka Gicumbi ushinzwe ubworozi Gashirabake Isidore yasobanuye imwe mu mibereho y’inyamaswa ndetse n’impamvu zimwe ziramba izindi ntizirambe.

Ati “ Inyamaswa zirya inyama nk’intare n’ingwe akenshi zibaho hagati y’imyaka 10 na 17. Izi nyamaswa zihura n’ibibazo byinshi birimo kurwanira ibyo kurya, indwara, ndetse n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, bigatuma ubuzima bwazo butamarara igihe kinini”.

Gashirabake avuga ko ubundi inyamaswa zirya inyama zidakunda kuramba kuko usanga intungamubiri ziba mu nyama zituma iyo nyamaswa igira imbaraga nyinshi cyane bigatuma izikoresha mu kwirwanaho uko igenda ikura izo mbaraga nazo zigashira ndetse igapfa vuba”.

Ku rundi ruhande, inyamaswa nini nk’Inzovu zo zishobora kubaho imyaka iri hagati ya 60 na 70. Inzovu zibaho igihe kirekire kubera imbaraga zazo n’uburyo zishobora kwirinda abanzi. Ikindi gituma Inzovu iramba nuko irya ibyatsi bigatuma umubiri wayo ugira ubwirinzi bwo gukenyuka.

Indi nyamaswa avuga ko iramba ni Ingagi, kuko zibaho hafi imyaka 35 kugeza kuri 40. Zishobora no kurenza iyi myaka biturutse uburyo zabungabunzwe neza.

Impyisi zo zibaho igihe gito ugereranyije n’izindi ziba mu ishyamba kuko , akenshi ziramba hagati y’imyaka 8 na 12, bitewe n’uko byoroshye guhura n’ingaruka z’ibidukikije ntizibashe no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Ati “Muri rusange, imyaka inyamaswa zo mu gasozi zimara iterwa n’ibintu byinshi birimo kubona ibiryo bihagije, umutekano, indwara, n’uburyo abantu bazirinda cyangwa bazibangamira”.

Gashirabake avuga ko hari izindi nyamaswa z’ingenzi zo mu gasozi ziramba zirimo Ingona (crocodile) kuko ibaho kuva ku myaka 70 kugera ku myaka 100, Impara zibaho hagati y’imyaka 15 na 25, Imvubu ishobora kubaho imyaka 40–50, Imparage zibaho hagati y’imyaka 20–25, Isatura ibaho imyaka 20 kugera kuri 25, naho Inkwavu zo mu gasozi zibaho hagati y’imyaka 4 na 8.

Amatungo yo mungo nayo agira imyaka amara

Kimwe mu bintu abantu bakunze kwibaza ni igihe amatungo yororwa mu ngo zabo ashobora kumara abayeho.

Gashirabake avuga ko Ingurube ishobora kubaho imyaka iri hagati ya 10 na15, ariko mu bworozi busanzwe akenshi zibagwa kare cyane nyuma y’amezi 6 ivutse.

Ati “ Inka zishobora kumara imyaka hagati y’imyaka 15 na 25, hari n’izirenza ho gato iyo zibungabunzwe neza. Ihene ishobora kubaho kuva ku myaka 10 kugera kuri 18 naho intama zo zishobora kumara imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15”.

Ku Mbwa ho ngo biterwa cyane n’ubwoko (breed), ariko impuzandengo ni imyaka 10 kugera kuri 15, ariko hari n’ishobora kugera kuri 18 na 20.

Gashirabake avuga ko ku bijyanye n’amatungo afasha mu kazi, ifarashi ishobora kubaho imyaka 25 kugeza kuri 30.

Injangwe yo mu rugo ibaho igihe kingana n’imyaka 12 kugera kuri 18 iyo yitabwaho neza cyane ihabwa ibiryo byiza, ubuvuzi buhoraho ishobora kugera ku myaka 20 cyangwa irenga gato.

Inkoko yo ibaho imyaka 5 kugera ku 10 iyo yitaweho neza cyane ihabwa ibiryo byiza n’ubuvuzi ishobora kurenga gato imyaka 10. Inkoko z’ipondezi (broilers) ni inkoko zororerwa cyane gutanga inyama, bityo ntizibeho igihe kirekire.

Gusa ku Nkoko z’amapondezi zo zigira umwihariko kuko zororwa mu buryo bwo gutanga inyama zikabagwa mu gihe cy’ ibyumweru 6 na 8 ni ukuvuga mu kwezi kumwe n’igice cyangwa amezi abiri ziba zatangiye kuribwa.

Ati“Niyo zakomeza kubaho akenshi ntizarenza amezi 3 kugera kuri 6 kuko umubiri wazo uba uremye mu buryo bwo gukura vuba zikaribwa”.