Aha kandi bagatungurwa no kumva ko umuntu basanze ntacyo arwaye yandikiwe imiti kandi muganga yamubuzemo indwara, bakibaza bati ese imiti yandikiwe ni iyiki ko wumva nta ndwara bigeze bamusangamo?

Abahanga mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bagaragaza indwara/kurwara nk’ikintu cyose gituma umubiri udakora neza nkuko byari bisanzwe.

Ibi rero bituma abaganga iyo bagiye gusuzuma no gupima indwara bahera ku kureba uko umubiri ugomba kuba umeze mu buryo busanzwe, basanga utameze neza, hagakurikiraho kumenya icyabiteye, bakaba babibona cyangwa ntibabibone.

Biranashoboka cyane ko bitewe n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri w’umuntu bwaburizamo cyangwa bugahagarika iyo ndwara.

Ubundi habaho udukoko dutera indwara (Pathogens) hamwe n’abasirikare b’umubiri bihariye bakorwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri kugira ngo barwanye ibintu byateza indwara (Antibodies).

Dr. Hussein Nsabiyera, avuga ko hari igihe umuntu aba afite abasirikare b’umubiri benshi kandi bakomeye.

Ati “Igihe icyo cyerezo cyikwinjiriye, tuvuge ko ari agakoko gatera Malariya (Malaria) cyangwa bagiteri (Bacteria) y’ubwoko runaka, abasirikare bahita babaduka kurwanya ka gakoko. Iyo bagiye gushaka ya ndwara ntibayibone, ahubwo bakabona abasirikare biganje benshi bameze neza mu mubiri w’umuntu nk’uko bisanzwe, bakubwira ko uri muzima, nyamara kandi ntabwo uri muzima kuko muri sisiteme y’umubiri wawe haracyarimo intambara ikomeye.”

Ibi ariko ngo ntabwo bivuze ko iyo babuze indwara batayivura, kuko hari icyo mu buvuzi bita Empiric treatment cyangwa Blind treatment (ubuvuzi butangizwa hashingiwe ku bikekwa n’ibimenyetso hataramenyekana indwara), kuko budashingira ku bisubizo by’bimenyetso byavuye muri laboratwari.

Dr. Nsabiyera ati “Iyo ungeze imbere ucitse intege, uruka, ufite umuriro kandi n’ingenzi kuba twawugabanya, nkohereza ibizamini muri laboratwari, bishobora kuba byatwara amasaha cyangwa se umunsi, yewe n’icyumweru kuko nk’icyo twita ‘Culture’, gishobora kumara n’ibyumweru bibiri. Noneho nkibaza uyu muntu ararwaye ndabibona, ariko ntabwo nzi icyamurwaje, ariko ikigaragara ni uko ari infekisiyo (infection) kuko nta kintu kizana umuriro uretse kuba ari infekisiyo, uba utanayizi ariko iba ihari.”

Yungamo ati “Umuganga mu bumenyi aba afite mu bijyanye n’umubiri w’umuntu aba afite bagiteri (ibitera ibyo byago) ibihumbi, bifite ibimenyetso bitandukanye harimo nka kimwe gitandukanya iki n’iki, ariko hari na byinshi bihuje. Habaho na antibiyotike (imiti yica bagiteri), akavuga ati mu gihe ntegereje ibisubizo bya laboratwari, uyu muntu reka mbe muvuye ntya, agahitamo umuti ukubereye ushobora kurwanya byose. Iki gihe nicyo twita Blind treatment.”

Iyo bigenze bityo, ngo hari igihe bishobora kurangira bibaye ubuvuzi butanga igisubizo ku buryo umurwayi akira ntasubire kwa muganga (definitive treatment), kabone nubwo ibisubizo by’ibizamini byaboneka, ariko hari n’igihe ibisubizo by’ibizamini bishobora kuza muganga akabona bagiteri yateye uburwayi.

Ati “Icyo gihe mpita mvuga nti uyu muti naguhaye ndawuhinduye, ni uko birangira abantu bahinduriwe imiti bari bahawe mbere. Ni ukuvuga ngo umuntu ashobora kuburirwa indwara kubera impamvu y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri we, abasirikare b’umubiri bagerageje kurwanya iyo ndwara.”

Uretse ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, ariko ngo burya indwara zigira igihe fatizo gishingirwaho kugira ngo zitangire kwerekana/gutanga ibimenyetso (Incubation Period).

Dr. Nsabiyera ati “Uzabyumva ngo virusi runaka iyo yateye mu gihe cy’iminsi 1-14, nibwo ushobora gutangira kuvuga ngo ndayifite koko mfite ibimenyetso. Ntabwo ari virusi gusa, ni buri ndwara yose, iyo icyago cyose cy’uburwayi cyinjiye mu mubiri, kigira igihe runaka gishobora kuba cyagaragarira. Hari igihe umuntu ashobora kujya kwipimisha yumva intege nke, akajya kwa muganga bagapima ayo maraso, ntibabone bwa burwayi, kubera ko butarageza igihe.”

Arongera ati “Niyo mpamvu bakubwira ngo, ndabona ufite ibimenyetso byose bya Malariya ariko ntitwayibonye, uzagaruke ejo, bakongera bakagupima ya Malariya, inshuro n’eshatu zashira bagipima ya Malariya, kuko ni rumwe mu ngero dufite z’indwara zikunda kubura nyamara kandi uzifite.”

Abantu bagirwa inama yo kudafata imiti iyo ari yo yose batandikiwe na muganga, kubera ko ari kimwe mu bishobora gutuma indwara ibura igihe cyose ugeze kwa muganga ugiye kwivuza hari indi miti wabanje gufata mbere yaho.

Muri rusange biranashoboka ko uburwayi bushobora kutaboneka bitewe n’uko nta byuma byabugenewe byifashishwa mu kubushaka no kubutahura, kuko nko mu Rwanda, atari ahantu henshi ushobora kubona aho ukoresha ikizamini cya ‘Culture and Sensitivity’ bigatuma umuntu ahora avurwa muri bwa buryo bwo kuvura indwara itaragaragaza ibimenyetso.

Mu magambo yoroshye, ‘Culture and Sensitivity’, ni ikizamini gikorwa hashakwa udukoko dutera indwara, hakanarebwa imiti ishobora kutwica neza.

Culture, ni igihe hafatwa amaraso, inkari, ibikomere n’ibindi, kugira ngo hamenyekane udukoko dushobora kuba dutera indwarwa, mu gihe Sensitivity (Antibiotic sensitivity test), ari igihe hapimwa imiti (antibiotics) ikora neza kuri twa dukoko twabonetse, kugira ngo hatoranywe umuti ukwiye.