Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, inganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro zahawe impushya zo gukora hashingiwe ku mabwiriza ya Rwanda Mining and Petroleum Board (RMB).

Imwe muri izo nganda ni Gasabo Gold Refinery ikorera muri Kigali Special Economic Zone mu Karere ka Gasabo. Gusura uru ruganda rwigenga bituma umuntu yumva impamvu zahabu ifatwa nk’icyuma cy’agaciro gakomeye.

Icya mbere wavuga ni uko umuntu wese wize neza Ubugenge n’Ubutabire Physics na Chimie kandi akitabira amasomo ya laboratwari, uru ruganda rwamufasha gusobanukirwa neza ibintu yize kuva mu mashuri yisumbuye cyangwa abanza, bitewe n’urwego rw’amashuri yize.

Nyuma y’uko ubusabe bw’uru ruganda bwo gusurwa bwemewe, twafashe umwanya uhagije kugira ngo tugire ubu bunararibonye bushya kandi bushimishije mu rwego rw’inganda z’u Rwanda. Twakiriwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru ndetse n’Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa.

Abashinzwe umutekano bamaze kwemeza ko twemerewe kwinjira, twateguye ibikoresho byo gufata amashusho no gukora inkuru, ari na ko twiteguraga kwiga byinshi.

Gasabo Gold Refinery yakira zahabu iva ku bakiliya batandukanye babona ibikomoka ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika. Iyo zahabu iba iri mu buryo bw’utudafari -bars cyangwa uduce duto twivanze n’ibindi byuma cyangwa ifeza.

Iyo bamaze kuyakira, icyambere bakora ni ukuyipima kugira ngo bamenye ingano yayo mbere yo kuyinyuza mu nzira yo kuyishongesha.

Mu cyumba kinini kirimo imashini zigezweho zikoreshwa mu gutunganya zahabu, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa yasobanuye impamvu eshatu zituma zahabu ishongeshwa.

Yagize ati: “Icya mbere, kudufasha kwemeza ko atari uburiganya, ko ari zahabu nyayo. Hari abantu bashobora kuvanga zinc na copper bakabigurisha nk’aho ari zahabu. Zahabu ishonga ku bushyuhe bwa degrés Celsius 1063, mu gihe ibindi byuma bishonga munsi ya degrés 500.”

Yakomeje agira ati: “Icya kabiri, gushongesha bidufasha kubona sample. Iyo zahabu ishongeshejwe iba amazi kandi ikivanga neza. Hanyuma dufata sample ntoya tukayijyana muri laboratwari kugira ngo tumenye ijanisha rya zahabu iri muri alloy.”

Alloy ya zahabu ni ukuvanga zahabu n’ibindi byuma cyane cyane ifeza biba bigifatanye.

Mu mibare, niba agatafari gafite garama 2500 kandi zahabu ari 98.75%, bivuze ko zahabu irimo ari garama 2,468.7.

Hari kandi uburyo bwihuse bwo gupima hakoreshejwe imashini ya XRF (X-ray fluorescent) ishobora kumenya ingano ya zahabu iri muri alloy.

Gasabo Gold Refinery ifite imashini zitandukanye zishongesha zahabu, kuva ku bushobozi bwa garama 1 kugeza ku biro 85, kandi zishobora kuyishongesha mu gihe kitarenze iminota icumi.

Kuva ku “popcorn” kugera ku dutafari twa zahabu

Mu ruganda rutunganya zahabu, nta kintu gikorerwa mu kajagari. Nyuma yo gushongesha zahabu no gufata sample ijya muri laboratwari, zahabu ihindurwa utuntu dusa nk’impungure nto z’ibigori - popcons, ari na ho ayo mazina akomoka.

Izo popcorns zishyirwa mu byuma byabugenewe kugira ngo hatangire igikorwa cyo kuyitunganya.

Umuyobozi yavuze ati: “Ntushobora gushyira agatafari ka zahabu muri reactors kuko byatwara igihe kinini cyane. Popcorns zongera aho imiti ihurira na zahabu bigatuma reaction yihuta.”

Yongeyeho ko gutunganya zahabu bisaba uruvange rw’imiti yitwa Aqua regia.

Muri iyo nzira, niho zahabu n’ifeza bitandukanywa. Zahabu inyuzwa muri filters ikagera mu bigega byitwa precipitation tanks, mu gihe ifeza inyuzwa mu zindi nzira ziyitandukanya n’indi myanda.

Mu precipitation tanks, imiti igabanya ubukana ihindura zahabu iva mu buryo bw’amazi ikaba ifu. Iyo fu imaze gukama, yongeye gushongeshwa ikavamo utubuye duto twa zahabu nziza.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa yavuze ati: “Duhereye kuri utu tubuye duto duto, dushobora gukora udutafari twa zahabu twa kilo imwe, garama 500 cyangwa ibiro bitanu bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’umukiliya.”

Mu yandi magambo, bakira zahabu ivanze n’ibindi byuma iri mu dutafari, hanyuma nyuma yo kuyitunganya bakayisubiza umukiliya iri mu dutafari twa zahabu nziza cyangwa ifeza itandukanijwe.

Zahabu nziza cyane iba ifite carats 24. Carat ni igipimo gikoreshwa mu mitako kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano ya zahabu iri mu kintu ugereranyije n’ibindi byuma bivanzemo.

Nta Zahabu Iva Mu Bice By’Intambara

Gasabo Gold Refinery ikorera mu mabwiriza agenwa na Rwanda Mining and Petroleum Board, aho buri wese akorera mu rwego yemerewe.

Hari abafite impushya zo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro, abandi izo kuyatunganya, abandi iz’ubucuruzi.

Nk’uko Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Gasabo Gold Refinery, Bosco Kayobotsi, yabivuze, uruganda rwabo rwemerewe gusa gutunganya zahabu.

Yagize ati: “Twakira zahabu iva ku bakiliya batandukanye bayikura ku masosiyete yemewe mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika. Iyo tumaze kuyitunganya, tubasubiza zahabu n’ifeza byatandukanijwe.”

Kayobotsi yavuze ko batemera zahabu iva mu bice by’intambara. Mu bihugu zahabu yabyo itemerewe gutunganyirizwa muri uru ruganda harimo Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Yagize ati: “Ku rwego rw’isi, ubucuruzi bwa zahabu bugengwa n’amabwiriza menshi cyane kandi turayubahiriza yose.”

Gutunganya zahabu ni umurimo usaba ubwitonzi bukomeye kandi wihanganira ikosa rito cyane.

Kayobotsi yavuze ko igihombo ntarengwa cyemewe ari garama 0.5 kuri kilo imwe ya zahabu.

Ati: “Kuri buri cyiciro cy’ikorwa ryayo, dusuzuma buri hantu hose kugira ngo tumenye ko nta gace na gato ka zahabu kabuze, kuko na garama imwe ya zahabu nziza iba ifite agaciro gakomeye.”

Gasabo Gold Refinery ifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibiro 480 bya zahabu mu masaha 30 cyangwa toni 8 kugeza kuri 10 za zahabu nziza ku kwezi.

Kayobotsi yavuze ati: “Turimo gukora ubukangurambaga mu bihugu bya Afurika bidafite amabuye y’agaciro ava mu ntambara kugira ngo byohereze zahabu yabyo mu Rwanda kuyitunganya.”

Yongeyeho ko gukorana n’uruganda rwo mu Rwanda bifite inyungu nyinshi zirimo ibiciro byiza byo gutwara ibicuruzwa, bafatanyije na RwandAir.