Ni yo mpamvu mu ngo zacu haba isafuriya ihora ikubye neza, yererana batekamo amazi, badashobora gutekamo ibishyimbo, ibirayi n’amashaza, cyangwa ibindi byo kurya ibyo ari byo byose.

Mu Bugesera, amazi y’isoko ya Rwakibirizi muri Nyamata, yo ntabwo ari uko bigenda; iyi soko itanga amazi abaturage bavoma, bakayanywa, bakayagurisha, ndetse bakanayakoresha mu bigo bimwe na bimwe nk’amazi meza yo kunywa.

Ayo mazi bahaye akabyiniriro ka Rwaki, arimo iki? Abaturage bamwe na bamwe barayavoma bakayagemura mu mujyi wa Nyamata, maze abacuruzi bakayasukira umukiriya akanywa, akishyura.

Amavuliro - clinics amwe n’amwe y’aha mu Bugesera, na yo arayafata uko yakavomwe agaha abakiriya bakinywera, ndetse hari n’abavuga ko hari ikigo gisanzwe gicuruza amazi kiyafata kikayapfunyika, kigahereza abakiriya mu njerekani zabugenewe, ziyita ko ari amazi yatunganyijwe nk’uko amategeko y’ubuziranenge abigena.

Impamvu nuko, aya mazi yabaye amahitamo y’abatuye Bugesera, kuva muri Nyamata ukagera Ntarama, Mayange na Gashora mu Bugesera ndetse no mu Murenge wa Gahanga mu Karere ka Kicukiro.

Iyo soko ituruka mu musozi, amazi yayo ahora yisuka kuko hariho amatiyo, ntajya akama na rimwe cyangwa se ngo agabanuke, nubwo izuba ryaba ryinshi mu gihe cy’impeshyi aba ahari, ku buryo n’iyo amazi asanzwe ya WASAC yabuze, usanga abantu benshi bagiye kuyashakira kuri iyo soko, hakaba inkomati cyane ariko akaboneka.

Gasasira Jean Bosco uri mu kigero cy’imyaka 45, isoko ya Rwakibirizi yayimenye mu 1995, ubwo we n’umuryango we bari bahungutse bava mu Burundi, hanyuma bakajya kubereka aho bazajya bavoma. Ubu ni umwe mu bakora umurimo wo kuvoma ayo mazi, akayatwara ku igare, ajya kayacuruza ahantu hatandukanye, iyo bizinesi akaba ayimazemo imyaka isaga 8.

Mbere yabanje kuba umunyonzi atwara abantu n’imizigo ku igare, ariko kuko kunyonga ngo bisaba imbaraga nyinshi cyane kandi bigatanga amafaranga macye, ni cyo cyatumye abihagarika, atangira kuvoma no gucuruza amazi y’isoko ya Rwakibirizi kandi biramutunze neza n’umuryango we nk’uko abivuga.

Yagize ati,” Isoko ya Rwakibirizi nayimenye tukigera ino duhungutse duturuka i Burundi muri 1995, kuko twashyikiye hano muri Nyamata, batwereka aho tuzajya dukura amazi. Ariko icyo gihe sinari nzi ko hari igihe nzajya nyavoma nk’akazi kantunze”.

Iyi soko yaba yaraturutse he?

Mu bijyanye n’inkomoko, iyi soko yaba ifite imizi mu bitekerezo by’ubwami bwo mu Rwanda.

Gasasira agira ati “Numva bavuga ko ari isoko ya cyera cyane, kuko ngo ni Umwami w’u Rwanda wari kumwe n’ingabo ze, zigira inyota nyinshi zibura aho zakura amazi yo kunywa, uwo Mwami arasa umwambi, hanyuma ategeka zimwe mu ngabo ze kuwukurikira bakareba aho ugwa, maze barawukurikira basanga aho waguye havubutse isoko.Ubwo bavoma amazi menshi bashyira ingabo ku musozi aho zari ziri, ni uko Rwakibirizi yabayeho ni ko numva babivuga…”.

Yagize ati, “ Nkiri umunyonzi byaramvunaga cyane, hanyuma nkatahana amafaranga nka 3000 ku munsi navuga ko wagenze neza. Ariko ubu ncuruza amajerekani y’amazi ya Rwakibirizi atari munsi ya 15 ku munsi, kandi imwe igura 500Frw hano mu Mujyi wa Nyamata, yaba ari kuri Arete muri Ntarama ni 800 cyangwa 1000.Urumva rero ko ayo mbona ntaho ahuriye n’ayo nabonaga nkinyonga”.

Gasasira asobanura ko nta kindi gishoro, uretse umwanya n’imbaraga zo kuzana ayo mazi, kuko aho bayavoma ku isoko ngo ni ubuntu, ntawishyuza, kuko ari ivomo ry’abaturage, umuntu wese yemerewe kujyayo akavoma nta kiguzi.

Yagize ati,” Ni iriba ry’abaturage nta nyiraryo rigira ngo arishyuza. Urebye bahagabanyijemo ibice bibiri, igice kizitiye, kiri iruhande rw’isoko, aho ni ho ibigo bitandukanyee yaba ibya Leta n’ibindi bikenera amazi ya Rwaki biza kuyavoma, ibimodoka bitwara amazi (water tanks), bivoma hahandi hazitiye kuko WASAC yashyizemo ibigega byoherezwamo amazi ya Rwaki noneho ibyo bigo bikaba ari ho biyakura. Hari rero n’ariya yirirwa ameneka tuvoma twese, yaba abashaka kuyanywa cyangwa se kuyakoresha ibindi”.

“ Njyewe ubu ngira imiryango igera kuri 80 nkorana nayo ku buryo buhoraho, uko amazi ashize bakambwira nkabashyira, kandi hari umuryango uba ukoresha nk’amajerekani ane mu cyumweru, ahandi atanu bityo bityo. Amajerekani asagutse ataguzwe n’abo bakiriya bahoraho nyatereka ahantu nkorera muri Nyamata, hanyuma akagurwa n’abantu batandukanye ntaba nsanzwe nzi, umuntu akabaza ati, bandangiye ko ucuruza amazi ya Rwaki none impa ijerekani imwe, ubundi hakaza imodoka ntazi aho ziba zivuye, za moto, umuntu agaparika ati bambwiye ko ucuruza amazi yo kunywa ya Rwaki nshyiriramo amajerekeni abiri mu modoka nigendere. Ni uko ncuruza, agashira ngasubira kuvoma andi”.

“ Hariya dukura amazi hari agasozi tuzamuka, igare riba rihetse amajerekani 10-12, bigasaba ko hari abana b’abasore badusunikira amagare bafashe inyuma, kugira tubashe kugera ahatambika heza, iyo ari agusunikiye ari umwe umwishyura 500Frw, iyo ari babiri wishyura 1000Frw, kandi barafasha cyane, kuko harazamuka”.

Gasasira avuga ko amafaranga akura muri uko gucuruza amazi y’isoko ya Rwaki, amufasha gutunga umuryango we neza, kandi nta yindi mirimo akora ku ruhande.

Yagize ati,” Aya mazi niyo nkesha imibereyo yanjye n’umuryango wanjye. Ubu ntuye iwanjye, nyuma yo kubaka inzu mbamo nubatse n’andi matoya ku ruhande afite imiryango ine ikodeshwa. Amafaranga mvana mu gucuruza amazi ya Rwaki ni yo amfasha guhaha ibikenerwa mu rugo, kwishyurira abana banjye amashuri uko ari babiri, kuko bombi biga mu mashuri yisumbuye kandi umwe yishyura 150.000Fw ku gihembwe”.

Gasasira avuga ko amazi ya Rwaki ari amazi meza kuko n’iwe mu rugo ari yo banywa kandi bidasabye kuyateka, kandi uretse kuba atabatera kurwara kuko adatetse, ngo anasa neza no mu kirahuri ku buryo arusha n’aya ‘robinet’ gusa neza nubwo yo aba arimo imiti”.

Yagize ati,” Ngiye kuvuga isoko ya Rwaki, sinabona uko nyivuga. Nta kibi na kimwe nayivuga. Kuko ibyayo ni ibyiza gusa, urumva ni isoko intungiye umuryango. Iriya soko itunze Abanyarwanda benshi cyane. Igira amazi aryoha kandi atari ukuvuga ngo afite icyanga runaka, ariko Rwaki igira amazi unywa kubera uko uyashaka, ukumva araryoshye pe. Hano hari amariba menshi, harimo irya Kavovo, irya Yorodani-Kanazi, irya Kamatana, hari menshi ariko Rwaki igira umwihariko, ihora ifite amazi y’urubogobogo aba acyeye 100% kandi nta muti wagiyemo. Iyo uyashyize mu kirahuri uyagereranya n’andi ubona itandukaniro…”.

“ Hano mu Mujyi wa Nyamata, harimo abantu bacuruza Rwaki, bakayishyira mu macupa, noneho abantu bakagura bazi ko ari ay’uruganda(izina ryarwo twarizigamye). Harimo abo tuvomera, bagasuka mu macupa yabo y’urwo ruganda, bagapfundikira, bagishyiraho twa dusashi two hejuru, abakiriya baba bahari, ubwo bagatuma abanyonzi, bakabashyira, bakanywa bazi ko ari ay’uruganda kandi ntacyo abatwara. Niyo mpamvu mvuga ko aya mazi ya Rwaki ari meza cyane… Kuko umucuruzi nyamusukiramo, akayapfundikira ndeba, umunyonzi akayatwara ndeba, nta miti abanje kuyashyiramo, urumva iyo soko atari nziza biteye ubwoba!”.

Yari umucuruzi w’imboga, arabireka

Rutikanga Maharariyeri, nawe ukora ako kazi ko kuvoma amazi ya Rwaki no kuyacuruza, avuga ko yagatangiye nyuma yo kumara igihe acuruza imboga zitandukanye, ariko akabona zitamwungura kuko hari ubwo yaburaga abakiriya zikangirika, ubwo akaba arahombye, ariko amazi ya Rwaki yo ngo yaje gusanga atajya ahomba kuko ntiyangirika nubwo yarara ataguzwe. Rutikanga avuga ko amaze imyaka itanu akora ako kazi.

Yagize ati, “ Ngicuruza imboga, byaterwaga n’uko umunsi wagenze, ariko washoboraga kumara iminsi itatu yikurukiranya uhomba ntacyo utoramo nk’inyungu, ariko ubu ncuruza amazi ya Rwaki, sinshobora kubura 5000Frw ku munsi. Ku munsi ncuruza amajerekani y’amazi atari munsi ya 10. Ngira abakiriya bahoraho nshyira amazi mu ngo, hari ibigo by’amashuri nyashyira, ariko ntabwo bayagurira abanyeshuri, ayo bantuma aba ari ay’abayobozi n’abarimu n’abandi bakozi b’ikigo, abandi bakiriya ni amavuriro (clinics), n’abandi …”.
“ Rwaki ni isoko nziza cyane, irantunze n’umuryango wanjye ntacyo nayinganya. Wenda nubwo haba harimo imvune, ariko Rwaki ni nziza cyane. Erega buriya ikintu gihoraho, atari ukuvuga ngo ni ikintu ukora none ejo gihagarare, kiba gitandukanye n’icyo wakora nta cyizere cy’ejo. Kandi amazi ni ubuzima, turayakeneye abantu twese. Nutayanywa hari ubwo ajya kwa muganga bakayamutegeka nk’umuti”.

Rutikanga avuga ko amazi ya Rwaki, yaba iwe mu rugo n’abenshi mu bo ayagurisha batajya babanza kuyateka mbere yo kuyanywa, kuko bizera ko asukuye bihagije.

“ Rwaki se waba uyiteka kubera iki? Nta myanda ibamo, nta nzoka, kuko amazi wenda wateka ni ayava mu biyaga, mu mariba mabi wakeka ko adasukuye, ariya ava mu isoko nta handi hantu anyura, isoko iri mu musozi, ni ahantu hadatuwe ngo uvuge ngo wenda haba hacukurwa imyobo ijyamo imyanda, hari aho gusa ni umusozi ubereye aho. Ni amazi meza cyane”.

Uwo bita Mudive, avuga ibyiza akesha akazi ko kuvoma no gucuruza amazi y’isoko ya Rwaki, kuko amaze imyaka igera kuri ine agakora kandi kamugejeje kuri byinshi nk’uko abisobanura, kuko yashatse umugore avanye inkwano n’ibindi byangombwa muri ayo mazi none ubu umuryango ubayeho neza kubera ayo mazi gusa.

Yagize ati, “ Mbere yo kujya muri ibi byo gucuruza amazi, nari umufundi nubaka, ariko nyuma nza kubona bitarimo gukunda, niyizira muri ibi. Iyo ngereranyije ayo nabonaga nkiri umufundi ntaho byahurira, kuko iyo ukorera abantu, nibo bakugenera umushahara, ariko hano imbaraga zawe nizo zikugenera ayo ubona, iyo ukoze cyane ubona menshi, wakora gacye ukabona macye. Kumenya ayo ninjiza mu kwezi mbinyuza mu itsinda tuzigamamo, harimo ubwo nizigama 100.000-120.000 mu kwezi, kandi ubwo haba havuyemo ibitunga umuryango bikenerwa byose, ayo gukodesha inzu n’ibindi”.

“Aya mazi ni isoko nziza cyane ikoreshwa n’abantu benshi, kuko hari abakoresha ayo mu nganda zimwe na zimwe bakunda guhura n’ingaruka, kurusha abanywa aya Rwaki, kuko abo banywa ay’inganda, hari ubwo bahura n’ibibazo byo kubabara mu gifu kubera imiti ishyirwa muri ayo mazi, hanyuma ugasanga baraduhamagara ngo tubarwaneho tubashyire aya Rwaki, hanyuma ibibazo byo mu nda bari bagize bigashira. Aya mazi ni umuti, kuko njyewe kano kazi ngakora numva ndimo nko gutanga urukingo rw’indwara z’imbyiko. Abana banywa aya mazi cyangwa se abantu bakuru, nta kibazo abagiraho kandi ntibayateka. Hari abayashyira muri za ‘water dispenser’ bagatangira kunywa,…. No mu rugo iwanjye niyo tunywa. Hari n’abantu bajya baza kuyapima,kugira ngo barebe ubuziranenge bwayo, bakaza Leta ibohereje, hari n’abazungu bajya baza kuyapima bakareba niba hari ikibazo afite, kandi uko bahageze bavuga ko aya mazi yacu nta kibazo afite”.

Mudive avuga ko abakiriya be ari abaturage basanzwe ndetse n’abacuruzi ayaranguza nabo bakongera bakayagurisha abandi , aho umucuruzi arangura ijerekani kuri 400Frw akayicuruza kuri 600Frw cyangwa se 700Frw. Igare akoresha ni irye, kandi ngo rishobora gutwara amajerekani 20 icyarimwe nubwo biba ari ukuryica, kuko ubundi ibyiza ari ugutwaraho amajerekani 15 kumanura kandi nabwo rifite umwuka wuzuye neza mu mapine. Uretse gutunga umuryango, Mudive yamaze kugura ikibanza cya Miliyoni ebyiri n’igice (2.500.000Frw), abikesha amafaranga akura muri ubwo bucuruzi bw’amazi ya Rwaki.

Urujya n’uruza mu kabande ka Rwaki

Umuhanda ujya ku isoko ya Rwaki uva muri Nyamata uhoramo urujya n’uruza rw’abatwara amagare bajya kuzana ayo mazi bacuruza, imodoka ndetse na za moto, kandi ngo aba mbere batangira kugera ku mugezi butaracya neza, kuko nka saa munani , saa cyenda za mu gicuku baba bagezeyo barimo bavoma, bakaza kugeza na saa moya z’umugoroba bakivoma…

Izabayo Emmanuel, umusore w’imyaka 26, akora akazi ko gusunikira amagare abo baba baje kuvoma amazi ya Rwaki bajya kuyacuruza. Avuga ko yaje mu Bugesera aje gushakisha ubuzima aturutse mu Karere ka Ngoma, atangira akora ‘ikiyede’ ahereza abafundi mu bwubutsi, agahembwa 4000 Frw ku munsi, ariko aho atangiye gusunikira abo bavomyi, ubu ngo ashobora kubona 7000-9000Frw ku munsi, bitewe n’umubare w’amagare yasunitse kuko gusunika igare rimwe ari 500Frw.

Yagize ati,” Sindabimaramo igihe ndakiyubaka, ariko mu mafaranga nkorera hano, niyishyurira inzu mbamo mu isantire ya Kanazi, nkanihahira ibyo kurya. Amafaranga mbona hano mu kwezi nshyize ku mpuzandengo ni 105.000Frw, ntabwo ayo nayabura. Ariko intego mfite ni ugushaka gutera imbere kurushaho. Nubwo hari abakora akazi k’ukwezi ndusha umushahara nubu”.

Nkundukozera Aimable we afite imyaka 19, ubu ageze ku gucuruza amazi ya Rwaki, ariko yatangiye ari umusunitsi nawe, hanyuma agenda abika amafaranga aza kugera aho agura igare akoresha muri iki gihe, kandi bimaze kumugeza kuri byinshi.

Nkundukozera, avuga ko amafaranga avana mu kuvoma no gucuruza amazi ya Rwaki, avanaho ayo kwizigama mu itsinda bagabana buri nyuma y’amezi 9, akabona 400.000Frw, ariko anayakoresha mu bindi byo kwita ku muryango, kuko yishyurira murumuna we ishuri, agatanga 90.000Frw ku gihembwe n’ibindi bikoresho by’ishuri akenera. Ikindi ni uko Nkundukozera yiyishyuriye mu ishuri ryigisha amategeko y’umuhanda abona uruhushya rwo gutwara moto (categorie A), byose bivuye muri iyo bizinesi y’amazi ya Rwaki.

Yagize ati,” Ubu nifuza gukomeza kuzigama, kuko bitewe n’uko ngana, ndacyari muto, sinshaka kuzakomeza aka kazi, ahubwo ndashaka kuzagura moto,nkajya mu mwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto. Aya mazi natwe niyo tunywa mu rugo. Ntatekwa ni ayo kunywa gutyo gusa. Ubishatse wayateka, ariko nyine ntabwo ari byiza. Aya mazi buriya aruta ayo mu nganda. Aya mazi kandi noneho, ni n’ay’Umwami Ruganzu, ngo yarashe umwambi hano Rwakibirizi, hanyuma isoko iba iravutse. Ni amazi atandukanye, iyo uyanyoye ukanywa n’andi wumva bitandukanye…”.

Yimukiye i Bugesera, maze kunywa amazi atetse ahita abireka

Bahenda Bosco, aza Rwakibirizi azanywe no kuvoma ayo kunywa iwe mu rugo gusa, we ntacuruza.

Avuga ko umuryango we watangiye kunywa amazi y’isoko ya Rwakirizi nyuma y’uko bimukiye mu Bugesera, baturutse i Remera muri Kigali. Ngo batangiye bateka amazi aya ‘robinet’ bakaba ari yo banywa ariko kuva bamenya aya Rwaki ntibongeye kunywa ayo bateka.

Yagize ati, “ Ubusanzwe iyo nanywaga amazi adatetse nararwaga akamerera nabi,n’amazi ya robinet turayafite mu rugo ariko ubu ntabwo twayanywa. Ariko aya ndagenda nayageza mu rugo abantu bagatangira kunywa nta kibazo. Icyo ngombwa ni uko ijerekani iba yogeje isa neza.Tuyanywera aho nta guteka n’abana ntawe atera indwara. N’abo bana kandi barayakunda cyane. Dufitemo abiga, mu gitondo iyo bagiye ku ishuri babasukira mu macupa bakajyana ayo banywerayo. Aya mazi ya Rwaki iyo uyamenye uhita uyayoboka. Urayanywa ukumva amara inyota, kuko ava mu isoko uba wumva ari meza afutse.Uba wumva asa n’akonje cyane cyane iyo uyanywereye ku isoko, ni meza arafutse. Ntacyo atwara ni meza pe”.

Nyinawumuntu Donatila, ni umubyeyi uvuga ko yamenye amazi ya Rwaki guhera mu 2007, ubwo umuryango we wimukiraga mu Murenge wa Nyamata mu Bugesera uvuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Avuga ko icyo gihe bamubwiye ko ari amazi meza y’isoko anyobwa adakeneye kubanza gutekwa kandi ko nta kibazo ajya atera abayanywa, maze ayatangira ubwo kugeze nubu. Icyo gihe atangira kuyakoresha, ngo ijerekani yayiguraga 200-300 Frw, ariko ubu ngo ayigura 700Frw kuko agenda azamuka.

Agira ati “Amazi ya Rwaki ntabwo tujya tuyateka kuko aba ari meza , urabyumva mu kanwa urimo uyanywa, ariko no kuyareba n’amaso ubona ko ari meza pe. Mu cyumweru tunywa amajerekani abiri, bitewe n’abantu bari mu rugo, ariko hari nubwo arenga kuko hari ubwo haba hari benshi. Twese turinywera n’abana ni yo mbaha. Nta byo kuyateka wenda ngo atabatera inzoka cyangwa se inkorora. Nta kibazo afite ariya mazi. Hanyuma rero agira ukuntu aryoha ku buryo, iyo uyanywa bikugora kunywa andi ayo ari yo yose”.

“Kuri njyewe Rwaki iruta andi mazi yose, yaba ayo mu nganda aza apfundikiye n’andi. Ariko Rwaki ndayanywa nkumva aryoshye, agera ku nyota, mbese muri macye, Rwaki irabanza ikanikurikira”.

Uwiragiye Julienne, waje gutura mu Bugesera aturutse mu Karere ka Ruhango, avuga ko yatangiye kunywa amazi ya Rwaki mu myaka ibiri ishize, ariko ko kugeza ubu atarumva amazi yo kunywa ameze nka Rwaki.

Yagize ati, “ Njyewe amazi ya Rwaki yarantangaje, ni amazi aryoha kandi bitari ukuvuga ngo arimo isukari, ariko uba wumva wayanywera kuyamara. Nkigera ino, nasanze abaturanyi bayanywa batayatetse, rero natwe mu rugo tuyanywa tutayatetse kandi nta kibazo na kimwe aradutera. Ubundi sinajyaga nywa amazi mu buzima pe, nanywaga amazi bigoranye ari nka kwa kundi uba wagiye guhinga ku zuba ryinshi, ryakwakira ukaba wagira inyota ukanywa amazi, ariko ubusanzwe utayakunda. Hanyuma amazi y’isoko zimwe urayanywa ukumvamo ibintu bimeze nk’umunyu wa Gikukuru, andi ukumva arimo umwuka umeze ukuntu, ariko amazi ya Rwaki araryoha pe. Ubu abantu basanzwe banzi, batangazwa n’ukuntu nsigaye nicara ngafata igikombe cy’amazi nkanywa. Rwaki yanyigishije kunywa amazi pe. Ubu iyo nagiye iwacu aho mu Majyepfo, amazi yaho arananira kubera kumenyera Rwaki…”.