Agira ati “Hano muri Muhima, buri rugo rufite icyobo kijyamo amazi yakoreshejwe. Hari abavuga ibyitwa ‘fosses septiques’ nk’uburyo bwiza kurushaho, ariko benshi muri twe twacukuye ibyobo bisanzwe. Ikidutera impungenge ni uko ibyo byobo bitigera byuzura. None se ayo mazi ajya he?”

Ati “Hari ubwo nibaza niba umusozi dutuyeho utazahirima umunsi umwe kubera ko ubutaka bworohereye bitewe n’ayo mazi. Dushobora kubyuka dusanga inzu zacu zamanutse zerekeza Nyabugogo. Nubwo ntari inzobere, numva iki ari ikibazo gikomeye ubuyobozi bukwiye kwitaho mbere y’uko habaho ibiza.”

Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ingo zo mu Mujyi wa Kigali, zirekura hafi metero kibe 3,240 z’amazi yanduye ku munsi, kandi hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyayo ajya mu bidukikije.

Ibi byagaragajwe muri raporo yasohotse mu 2022 mu kinyamakuru cy’ubushakashatsi ‘International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications’, yakozwe n’abashakashatsi barimo Jean Pierre Bavumiragira, Edwin Kipkrui, Yves Ndizeye, Pascaline Uyisaba na Alex Bazambanza.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kubura imiyoboro ihamye itwara amazi yanduye, uburyo butanoze bwo kuyatunganya, ndetse no kohereza amazi arimo imyanda ivanze n’ibindi binyabutabire, bigira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije cyane cyane amazi yo hejuru n’ayo mu butaka.

Ibice byinshi bya Kigali byubatswe mbere y’uko hashyirwaho Igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali (Kigali City Master Plan). Ibi byatumye ikibazo cy’amazi yanduye gikomera, haba ku bidukikije no ku buzima, kuko ingo nyinshi zimena amazi yakoreshejwe mu byobo, aho kuyanyuza mu miyoboro yabugenewe.

Aya mazi acengera mu butaka, akanduza ibishanga n’inzuzi, akangiza ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, kandi ashobora gutuma ubutaka bwo ku misozi ya Kigali budakomera, bigateza inkangu cyangwa kwangirika kw’inyubako. Inzobere zivuga ko ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bukomeje kongera ubukana bw’iki kibazo.

Amazi ava mu ngo, mu nyubako z’ubucuruzi, mu masoko, ndetse no mu bigo bya Leta birimo amashuri, ibigo nderabuzima, amagereza n’amahoteli, hamwe n’amazi y’imvura ava ku bisenge by’inzu, kugeza ubu nta muyoboro rusange uyakusanya.

Ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu

Dr Christian Tunga, inzobere mu kurwanya indwara zititaweho, avuga ko amazi yanduye amenwa mu byobo byo mu ngo za Kigali n’ahandi, ari ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bw’abantu.

Ati “Aya mazi ashobora kugenda mu butaka aturutse aho icyobo kiri, akagenda metero hagati ya 10 na 30. Ibi bituma ibyobo byo mu ngo zitandukanye bihuza ya mazi kugeza ugeze mu bishanga, ari na ho akenshi amazi yo kunywa aturuka.”

Avuga ko ibi bishobora gutuma abantu banywa amazi mabi bigateza indwara zirimo inzoka zo mu nda, impiswi, macinya n’izindi.

Yongeyeho ko abana bakandagira mu byondo by’aho ayo mazi asohokera bashobora kwandura inzoka kuko zibinjiramo, ndetse aho ayo mazi ahagarara hakaba indiri y’imibu itera malaria.

Iki kibazo cyavuzweho no ku rwego rw’Igihugu

Mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 2023, abagize Sena bagaragaje impungenge kuri iki kibazo mu biganiro bagiranye na Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije, by’umwihariko ku kuba abaturage bashishikarizwa gucukura ibyobo byo kumenamo amazi yanduye.

Senateri Evode Uwizeyimana yatanze urugero rw’uduce tw’imisozi nka Rebero na Biryogo, aho inzu zubatswe kuva hejuru ku misozi zikamanuka kugera hasi.

Yagize ati “Niba umuntu yubatse ahantu hahanamye, none ubwiye uwo haruguru ye ngo nacukure icyobo gifata amazi, ayo mazi ajya mu butaka kandi upfunduye icyobo nyuma y’igihe ntiwayasangamo. Ubutaka rero burayanywa, iyo buyanyoye muri Kigali inzu zose ziri ku misozi ihanamye se bigenda bite? Nimubona inzu zose ziri mu gishanga hariya mu Biryogo ntihazagire umuntu utubwira ngo ntiyari abizi.”

Ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bukomeza kongera ikibazo

Abatuye Umujyi wa Kigali bagiye biyongera uko ibihe bigenda, kuko bavuye kuri 357 mu 1907, bagera ku 236,000 mu 1991 hanyuma baba 1,000,000 mu 2010.

Ibarura ry’abaturage n’ingo rya 2022 (RPHC 5) rikorwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare (NISR), ryerekanye ko Umujyi wa Kigali utuwe n’abantu 1,745,555 bivuze ko aba bantu bose bafite inzu batuyemo, hakiyongeraho inyubako za Leta, iz’ibigo bitandukanye, amahoteli n’ibindi, aha hose hakaba hava amazi yanduye yoherezwa mu butaka.

Ibi bisobanuye ko hagati ya 2012 na 2022 abaturage biyongereye ku kigero cya 4.4% ku mwaka, bigatuma Kigali iba umwe mu mijyi yo muri Afurika irimo kwaguka vuba. Biteganyijwe ko mu 2032 abaturage bazagera kuri 2,631,832, ubwiyongere burenga 45%.

Impuguke mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije, Dr Abias Maniragaba, avuga ko ikibazo cy’amazi yakoreshejwe ashyirwa mu butaka giteye inkeke, kuko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora guteza impanuka.

Ati “Niba buri rugo rwo muri Kigali rufite icyobo gifata amazi, ubwo hari ayakoreshejwe yanduye ndetse n’ay’imvura afatwa hagamijwe ko adasenyera abaturanyi. Ayo mazi arakomeza agacengera mu butaka, igihe kimwe akazahura, ubutaka bworohe cyane ubone inzu zimwe zatangiye kwika ndetse zibe zanasenyuka ziteze impanuka”.

Arongera ati “Ayo mazi yanduye kandi yangiza ibidukikije, kuko akenshi aba arimo isabune n’ibindi binyabutabire, akica udukoko duto tuba mu butaka kandi tuba dufite akamaro mu ruhererekane rw’ibinyabuzima. Ikindi ni uko ayo mazi yishakira inzira agakomeza agatemba, akajya kwanduza amazi yo mu bishanga na yo aba arimo ibinyabuzima bigapfa, ndetse kubera ko haba hari abaturage bayakoresha akabatera indwara”.

Inama ku cyakorwa

Dr Maniragaba avuga ko kugira ngo icyo kibazo gikemuke, ari uko hashyirwaho ahantu ayo mazi yose ahurizwa.

Ati “Ariya mazi agomba gushakirwa aho ashyirwa, agasukurwa akongera agakoreshwa, ni bwo icyo kibazo cyazakemuka burundu. Ibi rero nubwo biri muri gahunda za Leta ibicishije mu Kigo gishinzwe Amazi, Isuku n’Isukura (WASAC), ariko natwe abaturage twagombye kugira icyo dukora, kuko niba abantu batujwe ahantu runaka, bagombye guteganya mbere aho ayo mazi ava mu ngo azanyura akagera aho atunganyirizwa, tugakumira ikibazo kitaraba”.

Ikigo gishinzwe Amazi Isuku n’Isukura (WASAC), ku bufatanye n’Umujyi wa Kigali, cyatangije umushinga wo kubaka uruganda rutunganya amazi yanduye ku Giti cy’Inyoni mu Karere ka Nyarugenge. Icyiciro cya mbere cy’uyu mushinga giteganyijwe gutwara Miliyoni 96 z’Amayero (asaga Miliyari 165 Frw).

Urwo ruganda ruzunganirwa n’imiyoboro y’amazi yanduye ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 92 izanyura mu Mirenge ya Nyarugenge, Gitega na Muhima. Aho gukoresha ibyobo, ingo zizajya zihuza inzu zazo n’iyo miyoboro, amazi yanduye akajyanwa mu ruganda ruyatunganya.

Urwo ruganda ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya metero kibe 12,000 z’amazi ku munsi, rukazafasha ingo zirenga 208,000.

Kuki uyu mushinga wadindiye?

Sosiyete China Railway Construction Engineering Group (CRCEG) ni yo yatsindiye isoko ryo gushyira mu bikorwa uyu mushinga muri Mata 2023. Imirimo yatangiye muri Kanama 2023 nyuma yo gukora inyigo, bikaba byari biteganyijwe ko irangira muri Gashyantare 2026, nk’uko byatangajwe na WASAC.

Uyu mushinga uterwa inkunga na Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB) na Banki y’Ishoramari y’u Burayi (EIB).

Raporo y’Urwego rw’Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta, igaragaza ko uyu mushinga wari uteganyijwe kuva muri Mutarama 2018 kugeza muri Kamena 2024, ariko igihe cyawo kikaza kongerwa kugeza muri Kamena 2026, nabwo ntibyakunda.

Icyo Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo ivuga kuri ubwo bukererwe

Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo, Dr Jimmy Gasore, yabwiye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ku wa 18 Werurwe 2026, ko aho umushinga ugeze atari heza.

Yasobanuye ko wari ugamije gukusanya amazi y’imvura ava mu bice byo hagati mu Mujyi wa Kigali, uhereye ahitwa kuri Plateau, ni ukuvuga mu bice bya Serena Hotel na Marriott Hotel, akamanuka hafi ya Hôtel des Mille Collines, akanyura ku Muhima no mu Rugunga, akajya gutunganyirizwa mu ruganda ku Giti cy’Inyoni.

Minisitiri Gasore yagize ati “Aho umushinga ugeze si heza kuko amasezerano ya rwiyemezamirimo watsindiye isoko yarangiye ku ya 5 Gashyantare 2026. Ubu ari mu gihe cy’inyongera, ariko sinavuga ko kitagira iherezo. Amasezerano azarangira muri Werurwe, bityo tukaba turimo kureba niba twashaka undi rwiyemezamirimo cyangwa tugafata izindi ngamba.”

Hari indi mishinga iteganyijwe mu Karere ka Kicukiro (Gahanga na Murindi) no mu Karere ka Gasabo mu gishanga cya Karuruma, nubwo WASAC itaratangaza amakuru arambuye ku gihe izatangirira.

Iki kibazo ntikigarukira i Kigali gusa, imijyi yungirije Kigali n’indi yo mu Rwanda na yo ifite ikibazo cy’amazi yanduye, kubera kubura inganda ziyakusanya.

Hanze y’u Rwanda byifashe gute?

Muri Mutarama 2025, umujyi wa Addis Ababa muri Ethiopia watashye uruganda rugezweho rutunganya amazi yanduye, rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya metero kibe 30,000 ku munsi.

Urwo ruganda rwa Bole Arabsa Sewage Treatment Plant rwongereye ubushobozi bw’uwo mujyi bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye, bituma bugera kuri metero kibe 233,000 ku munsi. Ibi byatumye abaturage barenga 240,000 bo muri uyu mujyi, bagerwaho na serivisi nziza zo gutwara amazi yanduye, bityo bikabarinda ibyago biterwa n’ibiza n’indwara.

Gusa mu bindi bihugu, nko muri Afurika y’Epfo, nubwo hari inganda zirenga 950 zitunganya amazi yanduye, hafi 60% byazo ntizikora neza kuko harimo n’izikeneye gusanwa, mu gihe 13% gusa ari zo zujuje ibisabwa, mbese zikora uko bikwiye.