Kuri ubu mu Rwanda iyo uvuze Umujyanama w’Ubuzima, usanga hafi buri wese yumva uwo ari we kuko baboneka muri buri Mudugudu, ndetse bakaba mu ba mbere bitabazwa bwangu iyo havutse ikibazo cyerekeranye n’ubuzima.

Hari abibaza ku bumenyi n’ubushobozi bwabo mu gihe batize amashuri y’ubuganga. Muri iyi nkuru twaganiriye na Ingabire Pauline, Umujyanama w’Ubuzima ufite imyaka 50 y’amavuko akaba ari umujyanama kuva mu mwaka wa 2000 (abimazemo imyaka 26).
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Ingabire nubwo we yize akagarukira mu wa Kane w’amashuri yisumbuye, ibyo yigaga ntaho bihuriye n’ubuvuzi kuko yigaga Ubucuruzi n’Ibaruramari (Commerce et Comptabilité). Ubusanzwe kuba umujyanama w’ubuzima nta myaka ishingirwaho ahubwo bisaba umuntu usanzwe uzwi ko agira ubwitange ndetse akaba n’inyangamugayo, akaba azi gusoma no kwandika Ikinyarwanda.

Umujyanama w’ubuzima nta gihembo akorera, ni ubukorerabushake. Ni na yo mpamvu mu kubatoranya ku ikubitiro hadashingirwa ku mashuri, cyangwa ku myaka, ahubwo urwego rw’umudugudu cyangwa inzego z’ibanze zireba niba umuntu afite ubushake akaba n’inyangamugayo, Inteko rusange y’abaturage yamushima, akajya mu bajyanama b’ubuzima.

Gahunda y’Abajyanama b’Ubuzima mu Rwanda yatangiye mu mwaka wa 1995. Yatangijwe na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima (MINISANTE) nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’abakozi mu nzego z’ubuzima no kwegereza abaturage serivisi z’ubuvuzi, icyakora iza kugenda itera imbere, ndetse ihindura n’imikorere.

Abajyanama b’ubuzima batangiye bibanda ku bukangurambaga, bareba imirire y’abana mu rwego rwo kurwanya igwingira, bakabakangurira kurya indyo yuzuye no kugana ibigo nderabuzima kugira ngo bibiteho.

Bafashaga n’abantu barwaye kutarembera mu rugo ahubwo bakabashishikariza kugana ikigo nderabuzima kugira ngo bivuze kare, kuko icyo gihe hagaragaraga impfu nyinshi.
Ubu bavura Malariya yoroheje (itaraba igikatu, uwo basanzemo iy’igikatu bamwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima). Bavura impiswi, umusonga, bakurikirana abagore batwite kuva bagisama, ndetse baha serivisi abashaka kuboneza urubyaro.

Bimwe mu byo bakora bisa n’ibihambaye harimo gutera urushinge abashaka kuboneza urubyaro, ndetse no gufata amaraso mu rutoki igihe basuzuma Malariya.

Ingabire yasobanuye mu magambo ibyo bakora mu gufasha umugore ushaka serivisi yo kuboneza urubyaro akoresheje uburyo bw’urushinge. Ati “Hari agacupa kaba karimo umuti. Tuvoma uwo muti dukoresheje urushinge tuwumaramo mu gacupa. Tuba dufite ipamba n’undi muti duhanagura uwo muntu, hanyuma tukamuterana ubushishozi tugenzura n’aho tugomba kumutera urushinge. Urushinge rwo kuboneza urubyaro turutera ku kuboko cyangwa ku kibero.”

Uko byagenze mu gutera urushinge rwo kuboneza urubyaro ku munsi wa mbere

Ingabire avuga ko nyuma yo guhugurwa, ababahuguriraga ku kigo nderabuzima cya Nyamata bamaze kubona ko ubumenyi babufite, hakurikiyeho gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bize. Ingabire ni we wahawe umuntu wa mbere wari uje kuboneza urubyaro akoresheje urushinge rw’amezi atatu. Ati “mu kumutera urushinge uwo muntu wa mbere, nabanje gusa n’ususumiye ho gake kubera ubwoba, kuko ari nanjye wa mbere wari ugiye gukora icyo gikorwa mpagarikiwe n’abari bampaye ubwo bumenyi, ariko bari bamaze no kumbwira ko ntagomba kugira ubwoba. Icyo gihe batwambikaga amataburiya y’umweru, noneho ngira n’ibyago nsanga umukiriya ngiye gukorera ni umuturanyi wanjye, tuziranye, ariko ntiyigeze amenya ko ndimo nimenyereza ngo nzajye mbikora mu mudugudu, ahubwo yagize ngo nahawe akazi mu kigo nderabuzima kuko twabaga twambaye amataburiya y’abaganga. Namufashije muri byose uko bikurikirana, ndangije mwuzuriza ifishi azajya yitwaza aje ku kigo nderabuzima, arataha, kandi nta kibazo byigeze bimutera.”

Nyuma y’iryo gerageza ryabereye kwa muganga, yabikomereje mu mudugudu aho atuye, kandi kugeza ubu ngo nta muturage uragaya cyangwa ngo agirweho ingaruka mbi na serivisi yamuhaye. Ati “Abaturage ubu bamaze kutugirira icyizere kuko serivisi tubaha nta ngaruka ziba zirimo, tuba twarahuguwe bihagije.”

Yatinyutse ate gusuzuma Malariya afata ikizamini cy’amaraso cyo mu rutoki?

Ibyo bamaraga guhugurwamo, ntabwo bahitaga bajya kubikorera mu midugudu aho batuye, ahubwo babanzaga kubikorera ku kigo nderabuzima imbere y’ababahuguye. Ati “Iyo babonaga ufite ubwoba babanzaga kukumara impungenge, bakabona kuguha imiti n’ibindi bikoresho bakakubwira bati manuka hasi ujye gukorera abaturage.”

Ku bijyanye no kuvura Malariya, mu gihe bahugurwaga, babanzaga gufatirana amaraso hagati yabo nk’abajyanama b’ubuzima, buri wese agafata amaraso mu rutoki rwa mugenzi we, ibyo bikaba biri mu byabatinyuye, bibamara ubwoba kuko abenshi babaga basusumira no muri icyo gihe bagiye gufatirana ibipimo hagati yabo.

Ingabire avuga ko umuturage wa mbere yafatiye ikizamini yabimukoreye neza, amusangamo Malariya, amuha imiti arataha, akomeza kumukurikirana no kumenya amakuru ye, kugeza ubwo yakize.

Naho mu gihe umurwayi yaramuka agize ubwoba, ngo uramuhumuriza ukamwihanganisha ukamwumvisha ko ari ibintu byoroshye, akabyakira.

Mu magambo, Ingabire yasobanuye iby’ingenzi bakora mu gihe cyo gusuzuma no kuvura Malariya. Ati “Abenshi ni abo tuba duturanye hafi aho mu mudugudu. Mwakira iyo mfite imiti n’ibindi bikoresho, kuko iyo ntabifite byombi ntabwo mba nemerewe kwakira umurwayi. Iyo imiti n’ibikoresho mbifite, umurwayi iyo aje mu rugo mwakirana ubwuzu. Mba mfite aho nicaza abarwayi, hanyuma nkamubaza uko arwaye, akakubwira, nawe ukamutega amatwi. Nyuma ndamusuzuma namusangamo Malariya ngahita muha umuti. Mufata amaraso yo mu rutoki, nkayashyira ku gakoresho kabugenewe k’umweru. Tuba dufite amazi navuga ko ayungurura ya maraso kugira ngo Malariya igaragare. Kuri ka gakoresho haba hariho utundi tumenyetso tukwereka ko mu maraso y’uwo muntu harimo Malariya cyangwa se ntayirimo. Icyo gihe ntabwo ubikora ubihisha umurwayi ahubwo ubikorera imbere y’umurwayi. Iyo hajemo akarongo kamwe bigaragara ko nta Malariya irimo. Ako karongo kamwe ni akagaragaza ko icyo gikoresho ari kizima. Iyo karenze kamwe ubwo Malariya iba yagaragaye. Iyo tubaye dutatu biba bivuze ko Malariya imurimo ari nyinshi.”

Ingabire amara impungenge abashidikanya ku bumenyi n’ubushobozi bw’abajyanama b’ubuzima

Ingabire Pauline avuga ko mu by’ukuri amahugurwa bahabwa ari ingirakamaro kuko abongerera ubumenyi ku bintu bitandukanye byerekeranye n’ubuzima, ku buryo nta bakwiye kubagiraho impungenge.

Nko mu gutanga imiti, avuga ko baba bafite inyoboramivurire bakurikiza mu kuvura abantu bari mu byiciro bitandukanye. Ati “Niba duhereye ku mwana w’amezi atandatu, ntabwo imiti ya Malariya uwo mwana afata ari yo umwana w’imyaka itanu afata. Imyumvire yo kutizera ibyo dukora yigeze kubaho kera, ariko ubu ntayikiriho. Ubu umunyeyi wese wo mu Mudugudu ubonye umwana we afite ikimenyetso runaka cy’uburwayi, abanza guhamagara umujyanama w’ubuzima. Niba uwo muntu atinyuka kuguhamagara kandi afite uburyo bwo kuba yajya no kuvuriza uwo mwana ahandi, ariko akihutira kuguhamagara ukamuha serivisi, numva jyewe nta cyizere kirenze icyo. Ikindi gituma batwizera ni uburyo dukurikirana abana mu mudugudu bagapimwa buri kwezi, ukamenya niba umwana afite imirire mibi cyangwa niba ntayo afite. Batubona hafi tukabakurikiranira hafi. Ubu umujyanama w’ubuzima yabaye ijisho rya buri muturage. Niba hari umwana ufite ikibazo cy’igwingira, umujyanaa w’ubuzima agomba kuba abizi.”

Ingabire avuga ko no mu minsi ishize hari abantu baturutse muri Maroc baza kubigiraho uko iyi gahunda y’abajyanaa b’ubuzima ikora kandi basubirayo bayitangariye.

RBC ishima uruhare rw’abajyanama b’ubuzima mu kwita ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage

Umuyobozi Ushinzwe Ubukangurambaga no kurwanya Malaria mu Ishami Rishinzwe Kurwanya Malariya muri RBC, Epaphrodite Habanabakize, ashima umusanzu w’abajyanama b’ubuzima cyane cyane mu kurwanya Malariya. Yagize ati “Abajyanama b’Ubuzima ni igisubizo cyaje gikenewe.”

Batangiye gukora cyane mu myaka ya 2011 na 2012. Mbere bavuraga abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu, nyuma bahabwa uburenganzira bwo kuvura Malariya ku bantu b’ibyiciro byose. Aho batangiriye kuvura abantu bose, imibare y’abicwa na Malariya yagiye igabanuka.

Guhera muri 2017 imibare y’abavurwa Malariya n’abajyanama b’ubuzima iba iri hejuru y’abavurirwa mu mavuriro asanzwe. Habanabakize ati “Hari aho twageze tugera uri 60% bya Malariya yavuwe n’abajyanama b’ubuzima. Bafasha abaturage kubarinda kwicwa na Malariya ndetse serivisi bakazibona hafi, bibarinda ingendo n’amafaranga bazitangagaho bajya kwivuza.”

Naho ku bijyanye n’ubumenyi bwabo, Habanabakize na we yemeza ko nubwo batagiye kwiga ubuvuzi mu mashuri, ariko babonye amahugurwa ahagije abaha ubushobozi mu byo bakora, kandi ko n’ibizamini bafata mu kuvura Malariya bitagoye. Ati “Abashidikanya ku bushobozi bw’abajyanama b’ubuzima, ikibazo cyaba kibariho kuruta uko kiba ku bajyanama b’ubuzima cyangwa kuruta uko cyaba kuri politiki ibashyiraho. Ubushobozi bafite kugeza uyu munsi burahagije mu kuba bapima bakanavura Malariya kandi bagatanga imiti neza nk’uko bisabwa. Buri gihe bahora bahugurwa iyo haje ikintu gishya bakakimenya ku buryo baba bafite amakuru ahagije mu gupima no kuvura Malariya.”

Ku rwego rw’Igihugu ubu hari abajyanama b’ubuzima ibihumbi 60, kuri buri mudugudu hakaba hari abajyanama b’ubuzima bane. Batangiye mbere babiri ari bo bavura, ariko ubu barimo guhugurwa kugira ngo bose bazajye bavura.