Uhereye i Buryo uganda i Bumoso: Dr Doris Uwicyeza Picard, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere (RGB), Lord Verdirame KC, umunyamategeko, Dr Emmanuel Ugirashebuja, Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta, na Belinda McRae, umunyamategeko

Ku gihugu nk’u Rwanda, kimwe n’ibindi bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere bikunze kugaragazwa nk’umufatanyabikorwa muto mu mikoranire n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi, icyemezo cyo kujya mu bukemurampaka n’u Bwongereza cyagaragaje icyizere gikomeye mu rwego rw’amategeko mpuzamahanga, ibintu bidakunze kugaragara ku bihugu byinshi bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.

Aya makimbirane yatangiye nyuma y’uko guverinoma y’u Bwongereza yatowe mu mwaka wa 2024 ihagaritse gahunda yo kohereza abimukira mu Rwanda, yari yemejwe n’ubutegetsi bwayibanjirije.

Nubwo icyemezo cya politiki cyo guhagarika iyo gahunda cyafatiwe i Londres, ingaruka z’amategeko n’iz’imari zacyo zari zikomeye kandi zigoranye kurushaho.

Icyari kigamijwe muri uru rubanza nticyari gusa politiki y’abimukira, ahubwo cyari uburyo bwo gusobanura inshingano n’amasezerano hagati y’ibihugu bibiri bifite ubusugire bwabyo.

Aho kwemera gusa icyemezo cy’u Bwongereza, u Rwanda rwamaganye uburyo ayo masezerano yahagaritswe kandi rusaba ibisobanuro ku nshingano z’imari zari zikubiye muri ayo masezerano.

Ibyo byaje kugera mu rukiko rw’ubukemurampaka, aho impande zombi zatanze ibisobanuro birambuye ku birebana n’amategeko, by’umwihariko ku bijyanye n’uburyo amafaranga yari asigaye yagombaga kwishyurwa ndetse n’icyo ubutumwa bwa dipolomasi bwahererekanyijwe hagati y’ibihugu byombi bwavugaga.

Nubwo urukiko rwaje kwanzura ko u Rwanda rudafite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa andi mafaranga miliyoni 100 z’Amapawundi rwasabaga, imigendekere y’uru rubanza yagaragaje ikintu gikomeye: u Rwanda rwashimangiye ko amasezerano mpuzamahanga agomba kugengwa n’amategeko n’inshingano zemejwe, aho guterwa n’impinduka za politiki.

Ku bashoramari n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga, iri ni isomo rikomeye

Kimwe mu bibazo bikunze gutera impungenge mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga ni ukumenya niba guverinoma zizakomeza kubahiriza amasezerano igihe ubutegetsi buhindutse. Urubanza rw’u Rwanda n’u Bwongereza rwari rudasanzwe kuko Ubwongereza bwashakaga kuva muri gahunda yari yarabaye ikimenyabose nyuma y’impinduka za politiki.

Mu kujyana ikibazo mu bukemurampaka, u Rwanda rwagaragaje ko amasezerano n’imyanzuro mpuzamahanga bidashobora guteshwa agaciro gusa kubera ko ibyihutirwa muri politiki byahindutse.

Uru rubanza rwanagaragaje ubushobozi bw’u Rwanda bugenda bwiyongera mu by’amategeko na dipolomasi.

Mu myaka irenga 20 ishize, u Rwanda rwashoye imari nyinshi mu kubaka no gukomeza inzego za leta, imiyoborere myiza ndetse no kwagura uruhare rwarwo mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga.

Gukurikirana uru rubanza byasabye amakipe y’abanyamategeko, abadipolomate n’inzobere muri politiki rusange zifite ubushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa no gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by’amategeko mpuzamahanga no gusobanura amasezerano.

Nubwo umwanzuro ku bijyanye n’imari utagejeje ku byo u Rwanda rwifuzaga byose, uru rubanza rwerekanye ko igihugu cyiteguye gukoresha inzira zemewe n’amategeko mpuzamahanga aho kwishingikiriza gusa ku gitutu cya dipolomasi.

Icyemezo cy’urukiko cyanatanze ibisobanuro by’ingenzi ku masezerano yari yarashyizweho.

Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Emmanuel Ugirashebuja mu rukiko

Urukiko rwemeje ko u Rwanda ruzagumana amafaranga miliyoni 270 z’Amapawundi rwari rwarahawe hagati ya 2022 na 2024 binyuze mu Kigega cy’Ubukungu cyiswe Economic Transformation and Integration Fund. Impaka zari zishingiye ku yandi mafaranga miliyoni 100 z’Amapawundi u Rwanda rwavugaga ko rwari rugikwiye guhabwa nyuma y’icyemezo cy’u Bwongereza cyo guhagarika ayo masezerano.

Mu rwego rw’imari, u Rwanda ntirwavuye muri uru rubanza nta cyo rwungutse. Rwagumanye amafaranga rwari rwaramaze guhabwa, kandi umwanzuro w’urukiko watanze ibisobanuro bya nyuma ku nshingano buri ruhande rwari rufite.

Icy’ingenzi kurushaho ni uko uru rubanza rwatanze ubutumwa bugaragaza uburyo u Rwanda rubona amasezerano mpuzamahanga.

Yaba mu mikoranire n’abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere, abashoramari b’abanyamahanga cyangwa ibigo mpuzamahanga, u Rwanda rugenda rwiyerekana nk’igihugu cyifuza ko amasezerano yubahirizwa kandi amakimbirane agakemurwa hakurikijwe inzira zemewe n’amategeko.

Iryo zina ryiza rishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gukurura ishoramari, cyane cyane muri iki gihe ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bihirimbanira gushaka imari mpuzamahanga.

Amasezerano y’abimukira hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bwongereza ashobora gukomeza guteza impaka muri politiki. Ariko inyuma y’inkuru zagarukaga ku bimukira n’amafaranga, uru rubanza rwagaragaje indi nkuru: iy’igihugu gito cyo muri Afurika cyagaragaje ubushake bwo kurwanira uburenganzira bwacyo imbere y’urwego mpuzamahanga rw’ubucamanza no gusaba ko amasezerano y’amategeko afatwa nk’ibirenze amasezerano ya politiki gusa.

Muri urwo rwego, uru rubanza rushobora kuzibukwa atari ukubera amafaranga u Rwanda rutabonye, ahubwo no kubera ubutumwa rwahaye ku buryo igihugu giteganya kurengera inyungu zacyo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari ushize, amafaranga y’imisoro yakusanyijwe n’u Rwanda yiyongereyeho hejuru ya 34%.

Ku basomyi benshi, uwo mubare ushobora gusa nk’umubare usanzwe — indi mibare iba yihishe mu nyandiko z’ingengo y’imari n’imbonerahamwe z’ibaruramari. Ariko ku bahanga mu bukungu no ku bashyiraho politiki, uwo mubare uvuga inkuru ikomeye cyane ku buryo isano hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda n’ubukungu bw’igihugu iri guhinduka.

Mu mwaka wari wabanje, u Rwanda rwari rwarakusanyije Amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenga Miliyari ibihumbi bibiri n’igice y’imisoro. Hanyuma, mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2024/25, abategura imari ya Leta bishyiriyeho intego ikomeye: gukusanya hafi Miliyari ibihumbi bitatu by’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda.

Ariko umwaka urangira, amafaranga yakusanyijwe aba arenze kure ayo bari biteze.

Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko z’imari za Leta zasuzumwe kandi zagenzuwe, imibare rusange yerekana ko imisoro yose yinjiye yarenze Miliyari ibihumbi 3.4 Frw.

Mu buryo bworoshye, u Rwanda ntirwakusanyije gusa amafaranga menshi kurusha ayo rwari rwakusanyije mu mwaka wabanje. Rwanakusanyije amafaranga menshi cyane kurusha ayo rwari rwihaye nk’intego.

Aya makuru arasobanura iki?

Akenshi, za guverinoma zishyiraho intego z’imisoro igihe zitegura ingengo y’imari. Hari izitazigeraho, izindi zikazigeraho ku buryo bugoranye. Ariko kurenza intego hafi 8%, kandi hakanabaho izamuka ry’amasoko y’imisoro rirenga kimwe cya gatatu ugereranyije n’umwaka wabanje, ni ibintu bidasanzwe.

Kugira ngo umuntu abyumve neza, tekereza umucuruzi wagize inyungu ya miliyoni 2.5 Frw umwaka ushize. Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka ukurikiyeho, akibwira ati: "Ibintu nibigenda neza, nshobora kugera kuri Miliyoni 3 Frw.” Ariko umwaka warangira, amafaranga yinjije akaba miliyoni 3.24 Frw.

Ibyo byaba bisobanuye ibintu bibiri byabereye icyarimwe:amafaranga ye yiyongereye cyane ugereranyije n’umwaka wabanje, kandi yanarengeje ibyo we ubwe yari yiteze. Urebye, ibyo ni byo imibare mishya y’u Rwanda yerekana.

Raporo z’Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta zigaragaza ko iri zamuka ritabaye ku bw’impanuka. Mu myaka ishize, u Rwanda rwihutiye kuvugurura uburyo amafaranga ya Leta akusanywa kandi akurikiranwa.

Sisiteme z’ikoranabuhanga zikoreshwa mu misoro zaragutse. Gutanga raporo z’imari byarushijeho gushyirwa hamwe. Ibihumbi by’inzego za Leta — kuva ku mashuri kugeza ku bitaro no ku buyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze — byinjijwe muri sisiteme z’ikoranabuhanga zicunga imari.

Muri icyo gihe kandi, Guverinoma yakomeje kwagura ubukungu, yinjiza ubucuruzi bwinshi n’abakozi benshi muri gahunda zishyura imisoro.

Umusaruro uragaragarira mu mibare.

Nk’uko raporo z’igenzura zibigaragaza, umutungo w’imbere mu gihugu ubu ugize hafi 65% by’ingengo y’imari ya Leta, mu gihe inkunga z’amahanga n’andi mafaranga ava hanze bingana na 35%.

Ku gihugu imyaka yo kongera kwiyubaka nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yaranzwe cyane n’inkunga z’abaterankunga, izi mpinduka zifite igisobanuro gikomeye muri politiki.

Zigaragaza intego y’igihe kirekire abayobozi b’u Rwanda badakunze guhisha: kubaka Leta ishobora gutera inkunga byinshi mu bikorwa by’iterambere ryayo ikoresheje ubushobozi bw’imbere mu gihugu.

Iyo ntego irushaho kuba iyihutirwa mu gihe amafaranga Leta ikoresha agenda yiyongera cyane.

U Rwanda ubu rurimo gutera inkunga imishinga minini y’ibikorwa remezo, kubaka ikibuga cy’indege, kwagura imihanda, gushora imari mu ngufu, kuvugurura uburezi no guteza imbere sisiteme z’ikoranabuhanga. Ingengo y’imari y’umwaka wa 2025/26 yarenze Miliyari ibihumbi 7 Frw bwa mbere mu mateka.

Izo ntego zisaba amafaranga menshi ku buryo inkunga z’abaterankunga zonyine zitagihagije.

Aha rero, uku kwiyongera kw’imisoro kuzana n’izindi ngingo zitoroshye.

Ese iri zamuka rishobora gukomeza ritagize igitutu gikabije ku bucuruzi no ku ngo? Gukaza ikusanywa ry’imisoro, izamuka ry’ibiciro risiga umucuruzi cyangwa Umunyarwanda muri rusange uko yari ari? Ese amafaranga ava imbere mu gihugu ashobora gukomeza kwiyongera ku muvuduko uhagije kugira ngo ashyigikire gahunda za Leta zo gukomeza kongera amafaranga ikoresha?

Nubwo habayeho umusaruro mwiza, u Rwanda rwakomeje kugira icyuho gikomeye hagati y’amafaranga yinjira n’asohoka, kandi umwenda wa Leta ukomeje kwiyongera bitewe n’ishoramari rinini mu bikorwa remezo.

Ariko uko byagenda kose, icyerekezo rusange kiragenda kirushaho kugaragara.

Raporo nshya z’igenzura yerekana ko Leta irushaho gushyira imbaraga mu bipimo, mu kubazwa inshingano no mu kwishakamo ubushobozi bwo kwiyubaka. Kuva ku iyandikisha ry’umutungo kugeza kuri sisiteme z’ibaruramari zikoresha ikoranabuhanga no kunoza ikusanywa ry’imisoro, Leta irubaka inzego zigamije ejo hazaza aho u Rwanda ruzashingikiriza ku nkunga z’amahanga ku rugero ruto rushoboka, igakomeza kwishingikiriza ku mbaraga z’ubukungu bw’Igihugu.

Icyakora, kugeza ubu ntabwo tuzi niba uyu muvuduko uzakomeza, gusa icyo tuzi ni uko umubare umwe uri mu nyandiko z’imari ya Leta werekana neza uburemere bw’izi mpinduka: izamuka rirenga 34% ry’imisoro mu mwaka umwe.

Birashoboka cyane ko Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) uzategereza n’amatsiko kureba ibitabo by’imari bya Guverinoma muri uku kwezi kwa Kamena, ubwo hazatangazwa Ingengo y’Imari y’Umwaka tugiye kwinjiramo.

Gahunda yo kwifotoza no gutanga amwe mu makuru akenewe

Mu minsi 100 gusa, Abatutsi barenga miliyoni imwe barishwe.

Nk’uko byanditswe mu igazeti y’amategeko y’u Rwanda, Rwanda Law Journal, mu nomero ya Werurwe 2026, indangamuntu “yari, kuri bamwe, nk’urwandiko rubacira urwo gupfa.”

Uyu munsi, u Rwanda ruri kugerageza ikintu ibindi bihugu byanyuze muri Jenoside bitigeze bigeraho ku rugero rungana gutya: kubaka gahunda y’indangamuntu y’ikoranabuhanga ishingiye ku bwiru bw’amakuru no ku ruhushya rwa nyirayo nk’inkingi ya mbere yo kurinda ko amateka mabi yakwisubiramo.

Ariko mbere y’ibyo, leta iri gukusanya amakuru y’abaturage hafi ya bose. Mu buryo bugari kandi buteguye neza.

Igikorwa Kinini cyo Gukusanya Amakuru

Mu Rwanda hose ubu hari igikorwa kinini kiri kuba. Abaturage bari gufotorwa, bafatwa ibikumwe ndetse hanafatwa amashusho y’amaso yabo (iris scans).

Abana bahabwa indangamuntu yabo ya mbere y’ikoranabuhanga bakivuka — ifoto y’isura yabo igafatwa kuva ku myaka ine. Bagejeje ku myaka itanu, hafatwa ibikumwe byabo n’amakuru y’amaso yabo. Ku myaka cumi n’itandatu, bongera kuvugururirwa amakuru y’ibinyabuzima (biometrics) ndetse bagatanga umukono w’ikoranabuhanga.

Leta ntihisha ibi bikorwa. Ibyapa byo kwamamaza biri hirya no hino muri Kigali byerekana aho kwiyandikisha bikorerwa. Abayobozi basura imidugudu bafite ibikoresho byabugenewe byimukanwa. Ubutumwa buroroshye: buri wese agomba kwiyandikisha.

Ku baturage bibuka igihe indangamuntu yashoboraga gutuma umuntu yicwa, uru rugero rwo gukusanya amakuru rushobora gutera impungenge. Ariko abateguye iyi gahunda nshya bavuga ko ikibazo atari ugukusanya amakuru menshi — ahubwo ikibazo cyabaye mu 1994 ari uko ayo makuru yashoboraga kugerwaho no gukoreshwa nabi nta nkomyi.

Urwego rwo Kugenzura Amakuru

Indangamuntu nshya y’ikoranabuhanga, Single Digital ID (SDID), izanye ikintu indangamuntu yo hambere itigeze igira: uburyo bwo gusaba uruhushya mbere y’uko umuntu cyangwa ikigo icyo ari cyo cyose kibona amakuru yawe.

Dore uko ikora. Amakuru yawe — amazina yose, ifoto, aderesi, nimero y’indangamuntu n’amakuru y’ibinyabuzima — abikwa muri “digital wallet” itekanye, kandi ni wowe wenyine ushobora gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuyageraho.

Iyo banki, ibitaro cyangwa n’akabyiniro bikeneye kubona indangamuntu yawe, ntibibona amakuru yose.

Ahubwo, sisiteme yabo isaba gusa amakuru yihariye ikeneye.

Uhita ubona ubutumwa kuri telefone yawe bugira buti: “Banki ya Kigali irasaba kubona amazina yawe, ifoto yawe na aderesi yawe. Uremeza cyangwa urabyanga?”

Ukanda wemeza. Ayo ni yo makuru yonyine babona. Nta yandi. Kandi ushobora gukuraho ubwo burenganzira igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

Sisiteme yubakiye ku ihame ryo gukoresha amakuru make ashoboka — ihame rikomeye mu mategeko y’i Burayi ya GDPR kandi nk’uko Rwanda Law Journal ibivuga, rikaba ari ngombwa cyane mu kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu mu bihugu byanyuze muri Jenoside. Gukusanya gusa ibikenewe. Gusangiza gusa ibyemejwe. Kubika gusa ibigikenewe.

Impamvu Ibi Bifite Akamaro

Inkuru ya Rwanda Law Journal yitwa “Minimisation of Sensitive Personal Ethnicity Data of a Population is Key in Transitional Justice” ivuga mu buryo butaziguye iti: “Gushyira amakuru y’ubwoko ku ndangamuntu binyuranyije mu buryo bweruye n’ihame ryo gukoresha amakuru make ashoboka kuko ayo makuru atari ngombwa kandi arenze ibikenewe.”

Indangamuntu ya kera y’u Rwanda yari irimo amakuru arenze urugero. Yari itwaye igihano cy’urupfu ku rupapuro rwa kabiri.

Indangamuntu nshya nta makuru y’ubwoko irimo na gato. Ariko ikirenze ibyo, iha abaturage ububasha ku makuru yabo bwite — ikintu hafi nta yindi gahunda y’indangamuntu y’igihugu ikora.

Mu bihugu byinshi, iyo werekanye indangamuntu yawe, umupolisi cyangwa umukozi ubireba abona amakuru yawe yose. Mu Rwanda, bazabona gusa ibyo wemeye ko babona.

Impungenge ziracyariho

Rwanda Law Journal inaburira ko “kwiyongera kw’imikoreshereze y’indangamuntu zishingiye ku makuru y’ibinyabuzima bizana impungenge nshya ku bwiru bw’amakuru, cyane cyane kubera amakuru ashobora guhuza ububikoshingiro bwinshi kandi bikaba byatuma abantu bakurikiranwa bikabije.”

Umutekano wa sisiteme uzaterwa rwose n’uburyo urwego rwo gutanga uruhushya ruzubahirizwa ndetse n’ubwisanzure bw’Urwego rushinzwe kurengera amakuru bwite.

Icyizere Cyimbitse

Ariko u Rwanda ruri gutanga indi nyigisho ndende: ko ikoranabuhanga ryubakiye ku kurengera ubwiru bw’amakuru no ku mahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu rishobora kuramba kurusha abayobozi babi.

Sisiteme ifite uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibikorwa byose — igihe cyose umuntu arebye amakuru yawe, ushobora kubona uwabikoze, igihe yabikoreye n’impamvu yabyo. Ushobora guhita ukuraho uburenganzira bwose watanze. Kandi amategeko ateganya ibihano bikomeye ku babikoresha nabi.

Rwanda Law Journal isoza ivuga iti: “Kugabanya gukusanya no gukoresha amakuru y’ubwoko ni ingenzi mu rugendo rw’u Rwanda rwo kubaka ubutabera nyuma ya Jenoside. Urebye amateka y’igihugu, hakenewe ingamba zikomeye zo kwirinda ko abantu bapfa ubwoko, ivangura cyangwa ikoreshwa nabi ry’amakuru bwite.”

U Rwanda ubu ruri gukora igerageza nyaryo ryo kureba niba izo ngamba zishobora gukora ku rwego rw’igihugu cyose.

Umwanzuro

Leta iri gufotora, ifata ibikumwe kandi ikanafata amakuru y’amaso y’abaturage miliyoni nyinshi. Ibyo ubwabyo si bishya — ibihugu byinshi birabikora. Icyo u Rwanda rwongeyeho ni uko nyuma yo gukusanya ayo makuru yose, ruri gusubiza abaturage ububasha bwo kuyagenzura.

Ku gihugu aho indangamuntu yigeze gusobanura urupfu, icyo gikorwa cyo gusubiza abaturage ububasha ku makuru yabo si politiki gusa. Ni uburyo bwo gusubiza icyizere n’uburenganzira abaturage bambuwe.

Indangamuntu nshya y’ikoranabuhanga izakomeza gushyirwa mu bikorwa kugeza muri Kamena 2027. Nyuma yaho, indangamuntu za kera zizahagarikwa.

Ni inama y’abakozi ba Komisiyo y’Abakozi ba Leta. Ifatanyije na Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo, ibyo bigo birimo gushaka uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere ya Leta.

Ku muntu wahembwaga amafaranga y’u Rwanda 500,000 ku kwezi, ibyo byasobanuraga kwakira inshingano z’ubuyobozi ku mafaranga y’inyongera angana na 25,000 gusa.

Mu nzego nyinshi za Leta, benshi babonaga ko uwo mubare utajyanye n’umurimo usabwa.

Icyo kibazo ubu cyahindutse cyane.

Mu iteka rishya rihindura ibigenerwa abakozi ba Leta ryashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri w’Intebe Dr. Justin Nsengiyumva, uwo muyobozi ubu azajya ahabwa amafaranga y’inshingano abarwa hakoreshejwe igipimo cya 1.050156 cy’umushahara we fatizo.

Aho guhabwa amafaranga 25,000, ayo mafaranga y’inshingano azagera hafi kuri 525,078, dukoresheje urugero rwavuzwe haruguru.

Iyo yongewe ku mushahara usanzwe, umushahara wose w’ukwezi w’uyu mukozi ushobora kurenga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi 25 by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda mbere yo gukurwaho imisoro n’izindi nyongera.

Mu by’ukuri, u Rwanda rwashyizeho bucece uburyo bushya bushobora gufatwa nk’umushahara wa kabiri ku bihumbi by’abayobozi bo muri serivisi za Leta.

Iri vugurura rikubiye mu Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe No. 016/03 ryo mu 2026, kandi ku ikubitiro rishobora gusa nk’iry’ubuhanga bwo mu mategeko.

Ariko muri gahunda y’imiyoborere ya Leta y’u Rwanda itunganijwe cyane, iri hinduka riri mu mpinduka zikomeye zabaye mu mishahara mu myaka ishize.

Amategeko ya mbere yahaga abayobozi amafaranga y’inshingano angana na 5% by’umushahara wabo fatizo wa buri kwezi. Iteka rishya ryakuyeho burundu iyo ngingo maze risimbuza iyo mibare n’igipimo cya 1.050156.

Ku bafite imishahara yo hejuru, imibare iba ikomeye kurushaho.

Urugero, umuyobozi wahembwaga umushahara fatizo wa 800,000 mbere yahabwaga inyongera ya 40,000 gusa.

Mu buryo bushya, amafaranga y’inshingano azagera hafi kuri 840,125, bigatuma umushahara we wa buri kwezi ugera hafi kuri miliyoni 1.64 mbere yo kongeraho amafaranga y’urugendo n’ayo gutura.

Guverinoma ntiyigeze isobanura ku mugaragaro impamvu yahisemo icyo gipimo cya 1.050156 gifite imibare myinshi aho gukoresha umubare woroshye.

Ariko bishoboka ko uwo mubare wavuye mu isesengura ryimbitse ry’imari aho kuba icyemezo cya politiki cyafashwe uko bishakiye.

Iri vugurura ry’imishahara rije kandi nyuma y’igihe gito Leta ifashe icyemezo cyo gukuraho icyuho cy’amategeko cyari kimaze igihe gituma ibigo bimwe bya Leta bikorera mu rwego rwihariye bishyiraho uburyo bw’imishahara burenze urugero rwa serivisi za Leta rusanzwe.

Binyuze mu mpinduka zakozwe ku itegeko rya serivisi za Leta ryo mu 2020, Kigali yagabanyije cyane ubwisanzure bw’ibigo nk’inzego ngenzuramikorere n’ibigo bya Leta byihariye, ishimangira ko imishahara n’inyongera bizakomeza kugenzurwa ku rwego rwo hejuru binyuze muri Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta na Komisiyo y’Abakozi ba Leta.

Iyo urebye ayo mavugurura yombi hamwe, bigaragaza ko Leta itari kongera imishahara gusa, ahubwo iri no guhindura uburyo ububasha bwo kugena imishahara buyoborwa muri Leta yose.

Ikigaragara neza ni uko Leta iri kongera gusobanura agaciro k’ubuyobozi muri serivisi za Leta.

Mu myaka ishize, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yakomeje gushyira imbere imikorere myiza, gutanga umusaruro no gukurikiza amahame y’imiyoborere.

Abaminisitiri basinya imihigo. Abayobozi b’uturere basuzumwa hashingiwe ku ntego zigaragara. Ibigo bya Leta bikurikiranwa cyane kugira ngo haboneke accountability.

Ariko imishahara y’abayobozi ntiyajyanaga n’iyo filozofiya.

Uko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagukaga, abakozi ba Leta bafite ubunararibonye bagiye basanga bahatana n’ibigo byigenga, imishinga iterwa inkunga n’abaterankunga ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga itanga imishahara iri hejuru cyane ku bushobozi nk’ubwo.

Akazi k’ubuyobozi muri Leta kagiye karushaho kugorana.

Abayobozi bagendaga biyongerwaho inshingano nyinshi ariko badafite ibihembo bihagije.

Uburyo bushya bw’inyongera z’inshingano bugaragara nk’ubugamije guhindura iyo mikorere.

Iri vugurura kandi ryoroshya uburyo bwo kumenya abagenerwa ayo mafaranga.

Mbere, umuntu wagenerwaga ayo mafaranga byaterwaga n’imyanya y’akazi n’ibyiciro byihariye byari byarashyizweho.

Amategeko mashya ahubwo azareba umukozi wese wa Leta uyobora ku mugaragaro abandi bakozi bari ku rwego rumwe rw’umwuga mu rwego rwemewe rw’ikigo.

Ibyo bishobora gutuma abantu benshi bo muri minisiteri, uturere n’ibigo bya Leta bagenerwa ayo mafaranga, harimo abayobozi b’amashami, abahuzabikorwa, abayobozi b’ingeri zitandukanye n’abadirecteur.

Ikindi gikomeye ni uko iri teka rizatangira kubahirizwa risubira inyuma.

Nubwo ryashyizweho umukono ku wa 22 Gicurasi 2026, rizatangira kubahirizwa guhera ku wa 1 Mutarama 2025. Ibyo bivuze ko benshi mu bakozi bireba bafite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa amafaranga y’amezi 17 atarabishyuwe.

Ku muyobozi wahembwaga 500,000 ku kwezi, amafaranga y’ibirarane ashobora kurenga miliyoni 8.5 mbere yo gukurwaho amafaranga ateganywa n’amategeko. Abafite imishahara yo hejuru bashobora kubona amafaranga menshi kurushaho.

Ingaruka z’iri vugurura ku ngengo y’imari ya Leta zirakomeye, ariko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda isa n’iyizeye ko ishobora kubyishyura.

Igihugu cyakomeje kugira izamuka ry’ubukungu rihamye ndetse kikigaragaza nk’icyitegererezo mu miyoborere no guteganya ejo hazaza. Gushora amafaranga menshi mu bayobozi bishobora kuba biri mu ngamba rusange z’iterambere igihugu gifite.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, iri vugurura rishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ububasha n’ubumenyi bihabwa agaciro muri serivisi za Leta.

Abahanga badafite inshingano zo kuyobora — nk’abasesenguzi b’ubukungu, injeniyeri, abanyamategeko cyangwa abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga — bashobora kwisanga bahembwa make ugereranyije n’abayobozi bafite ububasha bwo kuyobora ariko badafite ubumenyi bwihariye bungana n’ubwabo.

Mu myaka ishize, kuba umuyobozi byasobanuraga gukora amasaha menshi, igitutu kinini no kongererwa amafaranga make cyane.

Politiki nshya yahinduye icyo kibazo mu buryo bwihuse cyane.

Kandi muri serivisi za Leta aho ubuyobozi bwigeze gufatwa nk’umutwaro kurusha inyungu, ubu Guverinoma yabugize umwe mu myanya y’akazi ihemba cyane muri Leta.

Nubwo bigoye gutanga urutonde rwuzuye, hari bamwe bazahora bibukwa kubera ubugome n’amaraso menshi bamennye, cyane cyane nk’abayoboye ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi.

Agathe Kanziga Habyarimana

Nubwo benshi bakatiwe, abandi bagikurikiranwa n’ubutabera, hari n’abacyidegembya barimo uwahoze ari Madamu wa Perezida, Agathe Kanziga Habyarimana, na Esperance Karwera Mutwe, wari umujyanama muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga mu gihe cya Jenoside.

Agathe Kanziga

Kanziga, ubu urinzwe n’u Bufaransa, yari umwe mu bagize uruhare rukomeye mu itsinda ryiswe “Akazu”, ryari rigize urwego rw’imbere rw’ubutegetsi bwateguye Jenoside, rikaba ryaranavugwaga nk’“umuryango wa Madamu”. Iri tsinda ryagenzuraga ibikorwa bya politiki, ubukungu, igisirikare n’itangazamakuru. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutangiza no kugenzura ikinyamakuru cy’ivangura nka Kangura ndetse na radiyo y’ivangura RTLM, byashishikarizaga abantu kwica Abatutsi.

Karwera na we yari umuyobozi w’amakuru n’icengezamatwara mu ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi rya MRND, rifite uruhare runini mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ababikira ba Sovu

Ibyabaye ku Batutsi amagana bahungiye ku kigo cy’Ababikira b’Ababenedikitini i Sovu ndetse no ku kigo nderabuzima cyaho birazwi neza. Umubikira wari uyoboye icyo kigo, Consolata Mukangango (Soeur Gertrude) na mugenzi we Julienne Mukabutera (Soeur Kizito) banze kubakira, ariko Abatutsi baza kuhagera ku ngufu, abandi bajya ku kigo nderabuzima.

Ababikira b’i Sovu

Ubwicanyi bwabereye aho hagati ya tariki ya 22 na 25 Mata 1994 bwari burimo uruhare rutaziguye rwa Gertrude wari ufite imyaka 42 na Kizito wari ufite 36. Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ivuga ko kuva tariki ya 17 Mata 1994, Abatutsi barenga 10,000 bari bahungiye aho. Ku wa 25 Mata, ababikira basutse lisansi ku igaraje ryari ririmo impunzi bararitwika, hapfiramo abantu bagera ku 7,000.

Nyuma, Kizito wari ufite urutonde rw’abagombaga kwicwa, yagenzuraga niba bose bapfuye. Uwo munsi, umuyobozi w’Interahamwe i Sovu, Adjudant Emmanuel Rekeraho, yagarutse n’ingabo ze kwica abari bagihari, maze Kizito amushishikariza kubarimbura. Abasigaye bagera ku 1,000 bishwe uwo munsi.

Tariki ya 5 Gicurasi 1994, Gertrude yandikiye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Huye, Jonathan Ruremesha, amusaba ubufasha bwo kwikiza impunzi. Ku wa 6 Gicurasi, yazanye abapolisi n’Interahamwe barica abasigaye. Nyuma ya Jenoside, Gertrude na Kizito bahungiye mu Bubiligi, barafatwa, bakatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 na 12 mu 2001.

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko

Yavutse ku wa 1 Mata 1946, Nyiramasuhuko yari umwe mu bagize uruhare rukomeye muri Jenoside i Butare, ari Minisitiri w’Iterambere ry’Umuryango n’Abagore. Yahamwe n’icyaha cyo gushishikariza ingabo n’Interahamwe gufata ku ngufu no kwica abagore b’Abatutsi.

Yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) i Arusha, maze mu 2011 akatirwa igifungo cya burundu. Yabaye umugore wa mbere wahamwe n’icyaha cya Jenoside n’icyaha cyo gukoresha gufata ku ngufu nk’intwaro ya Jenoside.

Mu rubanza rwe, byagaragajwe ko yasabye umuhungu we Arsène Shalom Ntahobari gutegura Interahamwe zo gufata ku ngufu abagore n’abakobwa. Yategekaga abantu kwiyambura mbere yo kubajyana kwicwa.

Beatrice Munyenyezi

Munyenyezi, washyikirijwe u Rwanda avanywe muri Amerika mu 2021, ni umukazana wa Nyiramasuhuko. Mu gihe cya Jenoside, yagenzuraga bariyeri iri imbere ya hoteli y’umuryango wabo i Butare, aho yatoranyaga abagore b’Abatutsi akabashyikiriza Interahamwe zikabafata ku ngufu mbere yo kubica.

Akekwaho ibyaha bya Jenoside, gutegura Jenoside, kuyigiramo uruhare no gushishikariza kuyikora.

Angelina Mukandutiye

Mukandutiye, uzwi nka “Inspectrice”, yari umuyobozi w’Interahamwe mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu 1994, akanagenzura ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi muri Kiyovu. Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye kuri CELA, kuri Paruwasi ya Ste Famille no kuri Centre St Paul.

Angelina Mukandutiye

Yakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca igifungo cy’imyaka 30 adahari. Kuri ubu arimo kuburanishwa mu Rukiko Rukuru i Kigali.

Valérie Bemeriki

Valerie Bemeriki

Bemeriki yari umwe mu banyamakuru bakomeye ba RTLM, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bushishikariza Jenoside. Yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu mu 2009, nyuma yo kwemera icyaha cyo gushishikariza ubwicanyi no kuba icyitso mu bwicanyi.

Thérèse Dusabe, “muganga w’urupfu”

Hari n’abandi bagore benshi bakoraga mu buvuzi bagize uruhare muri Jenoside, bicaga abarwayi cyangwa bafasha mu kubica. Muri bo harimo Thérèse Dusabe, wari umubyaza ku kigo nderabuzima cya Butamwa.

Therese Dusabe

Yitwaga “muganga w’urupfu” kubera ubugome bwe, aho yicaga abagore batwite b’Abatutsi ndetse n’impinja. Mu 2009, yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu n’Inkiko Gacaca.

Mu gihe twibuka ku nshuro ya 32 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, tugomba kwibuka ukuri kose, kuko kwemera amateka uko ari byo bidufasha kurinda ejo hazaza.