Amajyaruguru: Nubwo Intambara y’Abacengezi yabakomye mu nkokora ngo hari byinshi bishimira bagezeho nyuma 21 u Rwanda rubohowe
Imyaka 15 irashize ingabo z’u Rwanda zigaruye umutekano ku buryo budasubirwaho nyuma yo guhashya Abacengezi mu bice bitandukanye by’Intara y’Amajyaruguru. Nubwo abatuye iyo ntara banyuze muri byo bihe bikomeye byabandije gato mu iterambere ryabo, kuri iyi nshuro ya 21 yo kwizihiza isabukuru yo kwibohora, bavuga ko bishimira byinshi bagezeho.
Mu gihe Abanyarwanda muri rusange bizihiza imyaka 21 yo kwibohora nyuma y’uko izari ingabo za APR-Inkotanyi zihagaritse Jenoside, Nduwayesu Elie, umugabo w’igikwerere wirabura cyane we avuga ko amaze imyaka 24 abohowe.
Ubwo ingabo za RPA zatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda, uyu mugabo uyobora Urugaga rw’Abikorera mu Karere ka Musanze muri icyo gihe wari umusore w’imyaka 25 yahise afatwa mu byicitso afungirwa muri Gereza ya Ruhengeri ku bw’amahirwe abohorwa n’inkotanyi tariki 23 Mutarama 1991.
Nduwayesu avuga ko uyu munsi kuri we aba ari ibyishimo bikomeye kuko yabohowe n’inkotanyi habura igihe gito we na bagenzi be ngo bicwe n’ubwo basaga n’aho bapfuye bitewe n’uburyo bubi bari bafunzwemo n’amafunguro bahabwa y’intica ntikize. Ngo bahabwaga ibishyimbo ku mashyi, umunsi umwe yarabibaze asanga ari 25.
Imyaka 21 ishize Abanyarwanda bibohoye, avuga ko Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’Abanyamusanze by’umwihariko bibohoye ibitekerezo bibi n’ubwo hashobora kuba hasigaye bake cyane.
Urugendo rwo kwibohora mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru ndetse n’iy’Iburengerazuba rwabaye rurerure kubera intambara y’Abacengezi yatangiye mu w’i 1996 kugeza muri 2000.
Intambara y’Abacengezi yasize ingaruka
Nubwo ingabo za RPA zafashwe igihugu zitsinze n’ingabo za ex-FAR na Leta yiyise iy’Abatabazi bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu w’ 1994, ntibashizwe bagarutse bavuye mu burasizuba bwa Kongo-Kinshasa batangiza intambara yiswe iy’abacengezi.
Iyi ntambara yayogoje icyitwaga Prefegitura ya Kibuye, Gisenyi n’amakomini ya Perefegitura ya Gitarama yahanaga imbibi n’izo perefegitura ubu ni Intara y’Iburengerazuba ndetse na perefegitura ya Ruhengeri hamwe n’amakomini ya Kigali Ngari yahanaga imbibi na Ruhengeri, ubu akaba ari mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru.
Mu ntambara y’Abacengezi, abaturage babuze umutekano, bamwe muri bo bicwa n’Abacengezi abandi barakomere kugeza uyu munsi bakaba babana n’ibyo bikomere. Rucyema Petero wahoze ari Umuyobozi w’Akagari ka Rurembo mu Murenge wa Rusasa (responsable) ubu ahumekera mu muhogo kubera ibyuma yatewe n’Abacengezi.
Mu ijwi ridasohoka neza kubera ko aba arimo kurwana no gukurura umwuka ati “Nari resiponsabure maze baraza bankubita ibyuma banshiramo ibyuma; ibyuma birandya. Icyo nazize ni uko hari abakobwa b’Abatutsikazi natoraguye mbafata neza barabanziza.”
Uretse kuba abacengezi baramuteye ibyuma mu muhogo nyuma baje kumwicira umugore.
Mu gihe cy’intambara y’Abacengezi yamaze igihe mu bice byinshi byo mu Majyaruguru, ubuzima bwari bwarahagaze, abaturage batagikora uretse kwirirwa biruka bahunga imirwano yahuzaga Abacengezi n’Ingabo z’Igihugu.
Kirizabuhoro Godelive wo mu Murenge wa Busogo, Akarere ka Musanze avuga ko ntawagira icyo akora, birwaga biruka ku misozi bwakwira bakarara mu bihuru kugira ngo Abacengezi bataza nijoro bakabicira mu rugo.
Ibi binashimangirwa kandi na Nirere Scholastique wo mu Murenge wa Mataba, Akarere ka Gakenke agira ati “mu gihe cy’Abacengezi twararaga mu binani tukaba mu myobo nk’inyamaswa ubwo utashe, agataha abundabunda na ho ugize ngo agambye (aganiriye) n’inkotanyi twahura na bo abacengezi bagahita batwica ngo twishize mu maboko yabo kugira ngo tutabwira n’abandi ibyiza by’abasirikare b’iyi Leta y’Ubumwe.”
Muri ibyo bihe bikomeye, nta mwana wigaga ndetse nta muturage wajya mu murima ngo ahinge ikizamutunga ejo. Ingaruka zakuriyeho ni uko bugarijwe n’inzara yibasiye by’umwihariko ibyo bice; nk’uko byemezwa na Kanyarubunga Dieudonne wo mu Murenge wa Busogo ugira ati “Intambara y’Abacengezi yatumye abaturage tudahinga iduteza inzara ituma n’ibikorwa bya Leta byangirika cyane.”
Lt. Col. (Rtd) Mbarushimana Etienne, wahoze mu mutwe wa FDLR ariko akaza gutahuka mu w’ 2012 agasubizwa mu buzima busanzwe aho akuriye urwego rwa DASSO mu Murenge wa Busogo, Akarere ka Musanze, avuga ko batangira intambara y’Abacengezi bashakaga kongera kwigarurira igihugu ariko ntibabigezeho kuko barushijwe imbaraga n’ingabo za RDF ikigeretseho n’abaturage bacungiragaho babakuyeho amaboko, bafata inzira yo gusubira mu mashyamba ya Kongo, umutekano uraboneka.
Umutekano, ishingiro ry’iterambere
Nduwayesu Elie, washinzwe ishuri ry’ikitegererezo Wisdom School ndetse umuryango ufasha abana babana n’ubumuga bwo kutavuga no kutumva “Fair Children/Youth Foundation” ashimangira ko umutekano ari ishingiro rya byose, ibyo amaze kugeraho ni uko hari umutekano usesuye.
Agira ati “Ibyo nkora ni uko hari umutekano, n’amatage nzamura ni uko nzi neza hari abazayarinda igihe cyose. Rero umutekano ni nyina w’iterambere; ni nyina wa byose.”
Akomeza avuga ko iterambere rigaragara mu Mujyi wa Musanze barikesha umutekano babonye kuva FPR-Inkotanyi yabohora u Rwanda, Abanyarwanda bahabwa amahirwe yo gukora bakiteza imbere na Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye bashyira imbaraga mu kuzamura imibereho myiza y’Abanyarwanda.
Imyaka 21 ni myinshi ku bafite ubushake bwo gukora kuko baba bakoze byinshi, ni muri urwo rwego tubagezaho bimwe mu bikorwa binini by’iterambere gusa byagezweho mu Majyaruguru.
Nko mu Mujyi wa Musanze mbere ya Jenoside hari hoteli ebyiri gusa (Hoteli Urumuri na Hoteli Muhabura) na zo ziri ku rwego rwo hasi ariko uyu munsi hazamuwe hoteli zigera kuri 20 zimwe z’inyenyeri eshatu kandi hari n’izindi zirimo kuzamurwa.
Uretse amahoteli yazamuwe ku bwinshi, hari n’izindi nyubako z’amagorofa z’abikorera ndetse n’ibigo bishamikiye kuri Leta nka RSSB na BNR zazamuwe mu Mujyi wa Musanze mu gihe ngo hari igorofa rimwe mu mujyi wose.
Uburezi bwitaweho bugera kuri benshi
Mbere ya Jenoside mu w’1994, mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru hari amashuri makuru abiri ari yo Ishuri Rikuru rya Nyakinama ndetse na ISAE-Busogo none ubu ararenga 10: INES-Ruhengeri, Tumba College of Technology, Musanze Polytechnic, Muhabura Integrated Polytechnic, amashami ya INATEC na University of Kigali, IPB, Amashuri makuru y’Abaforomo ya Byumba na Ruli mu Karere ka Gakenke ndetse na UR-CAVM yahoze ari ISAE Busogo.
Mu Mujyi wa Musanze kandi hubatswe ibindi bigo bishya byigisha abapolisi n’abasirikare ndetse n’abasivili n’abandi amasomo y’umutekano n’amahoro. Ibyo bigo ni Ishuri Rikuru rya Polisi (NPC), Ishuri Rikuru ry’Amahoro (RPA) ndetse n’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ingabo z’Igihugu (RDF/SCSC) ari i Nyakimana mu Murenge wa Nkotsi.
Uretse amashuri makuru na za kaminuza, amashuri yisumbuye yari yongereye aho hashyizweho uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 12 (12-YBE) mu mirenge 89 igize Intara y’Amajyaruguru, nibura buri murenge ufite ishuri rimwe rya 12-YBE.
Imyigire y’abana yitaweho bafashwa kurya ku ishuri bizwi nka‘School Feeding” mu cyongereza. Nubwo iyi gahunda itaragera ku rwego rushimishije kubera imbogamizi zikirimo ariko abana bavuga ko ibafasha kwiga neza.
Frodouard Hakorimana yiga mu mwaka wa gatandatu mu Karere ka Gakenke abishimangira muri aya magambo “nyuma ya sa sita iyo maze gutera imyaka (kurya) ninjira mu ishuri nyine mfite courage (imbaraga) nkakurikira mwarimu mbese nkanakora etude nk’ibintu bisanzwe.”
Ubuzima ntibwasigaye inyuma
Mu buzima na ho hari intambwe igaragara yatewe nk’uko bishimangirwa na Ndayambaje Vincent, Umuyobozi Wungirije w’Akarere ka Musanze ushinzwe Imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Avuga ko amavuriro yari ku rwego rwa dispensaire yabaye ibigo nderabuzima ndetse biyongerwa.
Mu Karere ka Musanze gusa habarurwa ibigo nderabuzima 15 uretse imirenge ya Nyange na Gacaca ni yo idafite ibigo nderabuzima, icyakora muri uyu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2015-2016 bazatangira kubaka ikigo nderabuzima cya Nyange.
Ukwiyongera kw’amavuriro si umwihariko w’Akarere ka Musanze gusa ahubwo ni igihugu cyose. By’umwihariko mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, buri murenge wo mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru ufite ikigo nderabuzima usibye imirenge itanu gusa, ibiri yo mu Karere ka Musanze (Gacaca na Nyange) n’ itatu yo mu Karere ka Rulindo (Base, Cyungo na Cyinzuzi).
Abaturage bemeza ko kwegerezwa ibigo nderabuzima byabarinze gukora urugendo rurerure bajya kwivuza ndetse no guhorotera. Rushemeza Aphrodice atangaza ko mbere bataregerezwa ikigo nderabuzima wasangaga bahura n’ingorane zo gukora urugendo rwo kujya kwivuriza ahantu kure ariko ubu bibohoye urwo rugendo rurerure rwo kugenda n’amaguru.
Kuri bo, ngo baruhutse n’umujishi w’ingobyi kuko akenshi bagezaga umurwayi kwa muganga bamuhetse mu ngobyi ariko ubu haje imbangukiragutabara bakunda kwita ambulance mu ndimi z’amahanga.
Kwita ku buzima bw’Abanyarwanda byajyanye kandi no kongera ibitaro. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu w’ 1994 mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru hubatswe ibitaro bishya bya Kinihira na Remera byo mu Karere ka Rulindo n’Ibitaro bya Butaro muri Burera. Ibi byaje byiyongera ku byari bisanzwe ari byo: ibya Ruhengeri, Byumba, Ruli na Nemba byo mu Karere ka Gakenke ndetse n’ibya Rutongo muri Rulindo.
Muri uyu wa mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2015-2016 hateganyijwe miliyari 1 na miliyoni 100 zizakoreshwa mu kwagura Ibitaro bya Ruhengeri kugira ngo bishyirwe ku rwego rw’Ibitaro by’Ikitegererezo (Referral Hospital) bityo bigire ubushobozi bwo kwakira abarwayi benshi no gutanga serivisi zindi.
Amashanyarazi ntakiri aya hamwe cyangwa aya bamwe
Mbere ya Jenoside mu w’ 1994, umuriro w’amashanyarazi wari mu mijyi ya za perefegitura n’amwe mu makomini na bwo uduce dutoya.
Nubwo umubare w’Abaturage bari bafite umuriro w’Amashanyarazi utazwi neza ariko mu gihugu cyose nk’uko raporo ya Banki y’Isi ibigaragaza hagati ya 1990-1994 wari 2.3% bivuze ko no mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru na ho ari ko byari bimeze cyangwa hari icyo bari babasumbijeho gato.
Nyuma y’imyaka 21 u Rwanda rwibohoye, 15% by’abatuye Intara y’Amajyaruguru bafite umuriro w’amashanyarazi mu ngo zabo, Akarere ka Musanze kaza ku isonga n’ikigereranyo 26% bafite amashanyarazi.
Nk’uko bizwi ahageze umuriro w’amashanyarazi iterambere ririhuta, abaturage bakabona imirimo mishya yo gukora. Ishimwe Moses n’abandi basore babiri bafite “salon de coiffure” mu Murenge wa Kivuye, Akarere ka Burera avuga ko aho amashanyarazi ahagereye basigaye babona inyungu y’ibihumbi bitatu kandi mbere batararenzaga ibihumbi bibiri.
Mu masantere atandukanye yo mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru usanga hakorerwa imirimo itandukanye ikoresha amashanyarazi: nko gusudira, gusya, ububaji, inzu zerekana imipira na filime n’ibindi.
Kumurikira abaturage byageze no ku nzira nyabagendwa nk’umuhanda wa Kigali- Rubavu unyura mu turere dutatu tw’Intara y’Amajyaruguru (Rulindo, Gakenke na Musanze) uriho amatara yo ku muhanda amurika ijoro ryose ku buryo urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibintu bigenda neza mu mutekano usesuye.
Amatara 3500 yashyizwe ku birometero 124 bw’uwo muhanda ku bufatanye bwa Minisiteri y’Ibikorwaremezo n’uturere ngo mu minsi iri mbere azashyirwa kandi ku muhanda wa Kigali-Gatuna, Musanze-Cyanika ndetse na Musanze-Kinigi.
Girinka yabaye igisubizo ku mirire n’umusaruro uva ku buhinzi.
Nta wavuga iterambere u Rwanda rwagezeho ngo yibagirwa gahunda ya Girinka imaze kugera ku miryango itishoboye igera ku 177. 200 mu gihugu cyose; nk’uko imibare itangazwa na Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi ibigaragaza.
Gusa, imiryango hafi 33.500 yo mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru yorojwe inka ibasha kubona amata yo kunywa barwanya imirire mibi mu bana, zinabaha ifumbire bazamura umusaruro iva ku buhinzi.
Umubyeyi witwa Kirizabuhoro wo mu Murenge wa Busogo yahawe inka muri gahunda ya Girinka yise “Sahonkuye Kagame” kubera ko yamukuye mu bukene bukabije.Yunzemo ati “ Iyo nka nayise ‘Sahonkuye Kagame’ kuko yankuye mu rwobo anshyira hejuru rwose ndamwambaza iteka.”
Nk’uko uyu mubyeyi akomeza abivuga, iyo nka imuha amata none yaragaruye umubiri, andi asaguye arayagurisha akabona amafaranga y’ishuri n’ibikoresho by’abana andi akayagura ibyo kurya, ubu asigaye arya kabiri kandi mbere ntibyabagaho.
Bibohoye amacakubiri y’amoko
Irondabwoko n’irondakarere byari bayarahawe intebe mu nzego zose kuva mu buyobozi kugera ku myigire ariko abaturage babwiye Kigali Today ko bishimira ko ibyo byacitse kubera ubuyobozi bwiza bwagezweho nyuma ya Jenoside.
Rugwiro Shadrack ni umuturage wo mu Murenge wa Busogo mu mudugudu wa Jabiro, asobanura ko nyuma gato ya Jenoside, mu mudugudu wabo hakaswe ibibanza bihabwa Abanyarwanda batahutse bari barahunze muri 1959, abacitse ku icumu ndetse n’abandi baturage ariko banga ibibanza kubera amacakuburi ashingiye ku moko.
Ati “Kubera ko abantu bari batarabohoka bagiye babitangira ubuntu, umuhutu ati ‘ sinturana n’umututsi; umututsi ati ‘sinturana n’umuhutu’ usanga kibaye ikibazo gikomeye ku buryo batanga ruswa kugira ngo badatura muri ibyo bibanza.
Ariko uyu munsi twarabohotse, umuhutu aturanye n’umututsi bararahurirana, basabana amazi, barashyingirana bagasabana umunyu, ibibanza byaho mu gihe babitangiraga ubusa uyu munsi ikibanza cyaho kirimo kiragura miliyoni ebyiri.”
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Gakenke, Nzamwita Deogratias, ashimangira ko Abanyarwanda bari bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kutunga ubumwe no kugira imitekerereze myiza ibafasha kunga ubumwe bakiteza imbere.
Abanyamakuru ba Kigali Today bo mu Majyaruguru: NSHIMIYIMANA Leonard, MUSANABERA Ernestine, TARIB Abdul na NIYIZUGERO Norbert
Ibitekerezo ( 1 )
Ohereza igitekerezo
|
ubwo bafite umutekano bawukomereho ntibazongere kuwutera inyoni